基因问题的伦理探讨

【作者】 李丽峰；

【导师】 吕耀怀；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 伦理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 由于无数科学家孜孜不倦的探索，20世纪基因研究获得了飞速发展，奇迹般地形成了一个高新技术群。然而“科技是一把双刃剑”，它一方面推动生命科学与医学的快速发展，并带动农业和医疗保健业等的革命性变革，具有极为重要的科学、经济和社会价值。另一方面，也给人们带来了一系列紧迫而复杂的伦理问题，如如何保护人类基因组计划成果问题；如何防止基于基因缺陷而造成的基因歧视问题；对缺陷基因的遗传普查或筛选及其相应的基因治疗问题；对于个人遗传信息的合理使用和保护问题；人类干细胞研究的伦理限度问题等，对传统伦理观提出了严峻的挑战。 本文简要介绍了基因科技的兴起、发展以及对人类的贡献，深入分析了基因研究中所面临的权利道德难题，从伦理学的角度对基因知情权、基因专利权以及基因隐私权进行了道德辩护、质疑和审视。同时，阐述了基因课题中存在的、值得我们反思的伦理问题，如人类胚胎干细胞研究、基因治疗以及基因资源共享问题。强调用价值理性来制衡科技理性，以道德理念和原则来规范、引导基因研究和应用的整个过程，与此同时，还要不断提升从事基因研究的科学工作者的道德责任感，充分发挥基因伦理委员会、法律、社会舆论的评判、监督作用，从内在机制和外在机制两方面共同确保基因研究符合伦理原则。最后，本文认为，为实现人类基因研究造福人类社会的高尚的道德目标，我们有必要对生命伦理学作更深入的、更切实的探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 20th century, gene research gained at very fast speed development, and formed against nature high and new technology group, owing to countless scientists unwearied explore. However, " Science and technology is a handful of a two-edged sword" . On the one hand, it can advance the rapid development of life science and medicine, meanwhile, and drive the revolutionary change of agriculture and medical care; it has very important value of science, economy and society. On the other hand, it also brings a series of pressing and complicated ethical problem for people, and puts forward austere challenge to tradition ethical views. For example, how to protect the production of the human genome plan, how to avoid gene discrimination towards gene bug, heredity general examine or filter and gene therapy towards gene bug, how to use and protect individual heredity information in reason, ethical limitation of human stem cell research, etc.The thesis introduces the rising and development of gene science and technology and the contributions for the human being in brief, home analyzing the right & ethical puzzles of gene research, pleading, oppugning and scanning the right to gene know the inside story, gene patent and gene privacy from the ethnics aspect. At the same time, it expounds ethical issue that ethical problem existent and we should turn about, human embryonic stem cells research and gene therapy and the share of gene resources. Emphasizing people must use value reason restrict scientific reason, use moral idea and ethical principles to guide the whole process of human generesearch. At one time, in order to ensure human gene research to abide to ethical principles from internal mechanism and extrinsic mechanism, we must continuously strengthen the sense of moral responsibility of scientists who engage human gene research and give full play to the ethical committee’s and law’s and the public opinion’s judgment and supervision, In the end, in order to insure the noble moral aim of human gene research benefiting human society, this thesis concludes that we must probe into bioethics more home and more earnestly.更多还原