赋水条件下土坡稳定与失稳预测研究

【作者】 王乾程；

【导师】 李培铮； 杨传德；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 构造地质学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 土坡稳定性问题一直是岩土工程界的一个重要研究内容，它涉及矿山工程、土木工程、铁路公路工程、水利水电、港口、废渣及垃圾处理等诸多工程领域，以及山坡、岸坡等自然领域。随着社会经济发展步伐的不断加快，我国工程建设不断向西部山区延伸，边坡地质灾害将更为突出，边坡稳定性研究将变得更加重要。 边坡稳定是一个受自身物质条件和外部环境条件影响的复杂地质系统，且其自身条件是最基本的，而环境条件则是最为活跃的。自身条件以岩性及组合、结构面为代表；环境条件则以地下水、雨水、地应力等为代表。实际上，边坡土体自身条件总是以一定的性状存在着的，而环境条件则不然，它时常变化，且有时具有决定意义。据资料，有90％左右的边坡失稳是由于有水的参与造成的，由此可见，水对边坡稳定的影响是何等的广泛与深远。所以重视水，重视水的敏感度的单因素分析是很有意义的。单因素分析也是边坡稳定性分析的基础和必然路线，这有助于边坡稳定性研究的深化与精细化，对边坡工程研究的发展有着积极的促进作用。 本文以土质(不包括殊土)边坡为研究对象，首先对影响边坡稳定的各类因素(内因和外因)进行了论述，并主要从水对土体抗剪强度的影响、动水与静水压力的影响、水的冲刷作用、水对土体的化学作用等方面深入研究了水对边坡稳定的影响。接着，对降雨条件下的土坡稳定性，特别是对考虑存在裂隙时的稳定性作了分析，并得出了一个包含裂隙水压力的稳定系数的计算公式，这使土坡稳定性分析更趋合理，故具有较强的理论意义和实际应用价值。然后，简单介绍了边坡失稳的预测方法，并以降雨量为参数建立了预测模型，得出了“警戒雨量”的几个分界线，对边坡失稳预测有一定的实际指导意义。再后，文章提出了边坡失稳预测系统的设想以及防治措施，这对实践都有一定的指导意义和参考价值。最后，文章以茶岭新村边坡支护工程为例，说明了降雨对边坡稳定的影响以及排水沟和泄水孔等在边坡支护中的运用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The soil slope stability has been an important content of geotechnical engineering all the time, and it relates to artificial and natural fields such as mining engineering, civil engineering, railway and highway engineering, hydrological and hydroelectric engineering, harbor engineering, waste residue and garbage management engineering, hillside and riverside, etc. With the development of social economy, the construction will extend to western China and the slope hazard will become more and more serious, and so the analysis of slope stability will be more and more important.Slope stability is affected by the substance and structure qualifications of itself and the outer environmental conditions. Best of all, the qualifications of itself are elementary and the environmental conditions are active. The qualifications of itself include lithology and its combination and structural aspect. On the other hand, the outer environmental conditions mainly include ground water, rain water and ground stress, etc. In fact, the qualifications of it always exist as definite characters^ and the environmental conditions change very often and possess essential affections on slope stability. According to the former data, about 90 percent of slope failures happen under the affection of water. From this, we know the extensive and deep affection of water on slope stability. So it is very important to pay great attention to the analysis of water and its sensitivity. This is the foundation and inevitable route of stability analysis, and it is helpful to make stability analysis more and more deepening and refined and accelerates the development of slope engineering.Taking the soil slope (excluding special soil) as the analysis object, all sorts of influencing factors on slope stability are discussed in this paper. To realize the relationship between water and slope stability, the shear strength of soil mass under the affection of water, dynamic and steady hydraulic pressure, erosion and chemical action of water are studied. The soil slope stability, especially considering the crack under the affection of rainwater is discussed and a calculating formula that contains crack hydraulic pressure is got. This makes it become more reasonable than before to analyze the slope stability. Then, the forecasting methods of slope failure are introduced simply. Taking the rainfall amount as the parameter, a forecasting model is established and several rainfall boundaries are got. Later, the imagination of forecasting system of slope failure, and the prevention and cure measures are brought up. All of these possess guiding significance and reference value to the practice. At last, taking the dialing Xincun slope harnessing engineering as the example, the slope stability under the affection of rainfall and the application of drain ditch and drain hole are accounted for.更多还原