基于图像处理的未燃烬碳与NOx排放量的预测及炉膛燃烧运行指导系统

【作者】 林彬；

【导师】 马增益； 岑可法；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 电厂燃煤发电的安全、经济运行，清洁燃烧对企业、对环境，有着十分重要的作用。而优化锅炉炉内燃烧工况不仅是控制燃烧污染排放的有效途径，而且能减少燃料量和避免炉内爆管事故，从而能提高电站锅炉燃烧的安全性和经济性。为进行准确有效的燃烧调整，需要有可靠的检测手段，要求火焰监控系统能够实时提供反映燃烧过程的有效参数供燃烧诊断之用。本文的研究目的是建立一套基于图像处理和人工智能技术的燃烧监控系统，来实现火焰可视化和燃烧智能诊断，从而为电站运行人员提供有效的运行指导信息。 首先，本文研究了氧气分压、煤粉粒径、加热速率和气氛对煤粉燃烧速度的影响规律，对影响飞灰可燃物含量的各种因素及其影响规律进行了总结；研究了NOx的生成机理和排放规律，考察了各种运行参数对氮氧化物排放量的影响规律。这些影响因素为预测参数选择作了理论基础。 其次，应用先进的计算机图像处理技术，根据火焰图像的信息和辐射传递方程计算炉膛内的温度分布。进行了实验室测量实验和电站锅炉现场实验，验证了这种算法的可行性和合理性。 然后，根据上述的研究结果，结合电站锅炉运行参数和煤质数据，基于PLS方法对污染物排放和飞灰可燃物含量进行诊断预测研究，得到了基本可信的仿真模型。研究结果说明了根据运行参数可以较好地预测飞灰可燃物含量、NOx排放量，还可以分析各参数与锅炉的飞灰可燃物含量、NOx排放量的关系，为下一步的燃烧诊断和运行指导工作奠定了基础。 最后，介绍了为300MW火电机组开发的火焰监测和燃烧诊断系统的硬件构成，主要功能和软件界面。这个系统可指导电站锅炉的安全、经济运行，代表着火焰监测与燃烧智能诊断的热点研究方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 That a power plant runs safely, economically and cleanly is very important to enterprise and environment. It is the optimism of the combustion in furnaces that can effectively approach this goal. What’s more, combustion optimism can not only save the fuel, but also avoid tube explosion in furnaces. In this way, the efficiency and safety of power plant boilers can be ensured. For exact and available combustion adjustment, a reliable monitoring method, which requires the Real-time available parameters for combustion diagnosis, is needed. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a new combustion monitoring and control system based on the image processing and artificial intelligence technology to carry out the combustion visualization and diagnosis, and then give the instruction information for power plant staff.Firstly, we have researched for how oxygen pressure, pulverized coal particle diameter, heating velocity and atmosphere affecting on pulverized coal combustion velocity, and summarized various factors and affection what affecting the content of combustible in fly-ash; we have researched for the NOx formation mechanism and the emission discipline. These affecting factors are the academic base of predicting parameters selecting.Secondly, we use advanced computer image processing technology, based on flame image luminosity information, chroma information and radiant transfer equation, to inverse-figure and calculate the temperature distribution in a boiler. We have carried on experiments at a lab and at a utility boiler respectively, and have validated the feasibility and rationality of the arithmetic.Thirdly, we used the researched results above, combining the utility boiler function parameters and coal property data to diagnose the pollutant emission and the content of combustible in fly-ash. We acquired credible emulation model. The researched results show that the content of combustible in fly-ash, NOx emission can be predicted by the utility boiler function parameters. The results can be analysed the relation of the parameters and the content of combustible in fly-ash- NOx emission, and can be the base of the combustion diagnosis and running guidance.Finally, the thesis illustrated the primary application of flame image processing system to the 300MWe power plant boiler. The design idea, hardware system, and software function was described in details. With this system, the research on the combustion visualization and diagnosis will be testified and advanced.更多还原