【作者】 康海彦；

【导师】 张德强；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 分析化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 论文详细研究了重金属元素镉、铅的离子交换动力学机理，全文共分5章。 第1章：文献综述。对环境水样中重金属污染常用的处理方法及其研究现状进行了评述，共引用文献74篇。 第2章：采用静态法和动态法对阳离子交换树脂吸附Cd（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）的行为进行了研究。考察了溶液pH值、流速、吸附时间等条件对吸附效果的影响，优化了树脂洗脱再生的最佳实验条件。实验结果表明，001×7型强酸阳离子交换树脂能够有效地吸附废水中的Cd（Ⅱ）和Pb（Ⅱ）。动态法具有操作简单、效率高、可连续运行等特点，具有较高的实用价值。 第3章：实验在有限浴条件下对Cd²⁺在树脂上的离子交换动力学进行了研究，实验数据采用动边界模型进行处理，通过考察温度、溶液浓度和树脂粒径对离子交换过程的影响，确定了离子交换行为的速度控制步骤，并对交换过程的表观活化能、反应级数等动力学常数进行了推算。 第4章：实验采用有限浴法研究了Pb²⁺在001×7型离子交换树脂上的交换过程动力学。通过检测溶液中Pb²⁺含量随时间的变化，考察了温度、溶液浓度和树脂粒径对交换过程的影响，并用动边界模型对交换过程的动力学机理进行了描述，确定了离子交换行为的速度控制步骤为颗粒内扩散，为优化离子交换过程和提高交换效率提供了必要的理论依据。 第5章：实验采用离子交换法吸附氯盐体系中的镉，用动态法对201×7型强碱性阴离子交换树脂的工作条件进行了优化，在最佳反应体系下，用批式离子交换法考察了温度、溶液浓度和树脂粒径对交换过程的影响，并用动边界模型描述交换过程的动力学，确定了离子交换行为的速度控制步骤为颗粒扩散，并推算出了交换过程的表观活化能、反应级数、速率常数和动力学总方程式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The kinetic mechanism of cadmium and lead with ion-exchange technique are investigated in this dissertation. This dissertation consists of five chapters.Chapter one: The treatment methods of heavy metals in environmental water and the recent progress have been reviewed with the relative references of 74.Chapter two: A method has been described for the adsorption of cadmium and lead with cation-exchange technique by means of static and dynamic methods in this chapter. The experimental conditions influencing the adsorption efficiency including the pH value, the flow rate, the adsorption time and the concentration of stripping agent were investigated and optimized. The dynamic adsorption method is used for its simplicity, efficiency, continuous and practice and the efficient adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb in wastewater can be observed using 001 x7 cation-exchange resin.Chapter three: The kinetics of ion-exchange of cadmium in a solution of finite volume had been studied in this chapter. The influences on the ion exchange process including the temperature, the concentration of cadmium and the particle radium of ion exchange resin were investigated. By applying the Moving Boundary Model to the experimental data, the dominant procedure and apparent activation energy, reaction order and other kinetic constants were obtained.Chapter four: The kinetics of ion exchange in 001? resin of lead in a solution of finite volume had been studied. The ion exchange behavior under the different experimental conditions was investigated. Moving Boundary Model was applied to describe the kinetics of ion exchange and the results show that the ion diffusion through particles is dominant procedure. Theory basis is provided for the optimization of ion exchange process.Chapter five: The adsorption behavior and mechanism of cadmium in chloride system with ion exchange technique using 201? anion-exchange resin had beenstudied. Under optimum reaction system, the influences on the ion exchange process including the temperature, the concentration of cadmium and particle radium of resin were investigated with batch ion-exchange technique. Moving Boundary Model was applied, to describe the kinetics of ion exchange process. The results show that the ion diffusion through particles is dominant procedure. The apparent activation energy, reaction order, rate constant and total kinetic equation were obtained.更多还原