【作者】 王念武；

【导师】 徐金汉；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 假眼小绿叶蝉（Empoasca vitis Gothe）属于同翅目（Homoptera），叶蝉科（Cicadellidae）。该虫分布广泛，是我国各个茶区害虫的优势种群，为茶园普发性、常发性害虫。以成、若虫刺吸茶树嫩梢汁液，消耗养分和水分，茶树被害后，叶芽的多酚类、氨基酸等的含量下降，水溶性碳水化合物增加，导致嫩梢芽叶主、侧脉变红或叶缘和整个嫩梢枯萎，停止生长，萎缩、卷曲、硬化，叶质粗老，对茶叶的产量和茶叶的品质质量有严重的影响，危害极大。 本文对不同虫口密度下的为害状经行了调查研究，并结合前人的研究成果建立了假眼小绿叶蝉的为害等级分类；制定了不同产量水平下的不同季节的防治指标；初步建立了14种常用杀虫剂的相对敏感毒力基线；通过福建不同地区的假眼小绿叶蝉LC₅₀值的测定，分析比较了不同地区该虫的抗性水平；并探讨了防治该虫的防治方法、降低农药残留和防止抗性以及延缓抗性发展的对策。结果表明： 1．假眼小绿叶蝉在不同的虫口密度下危害时，茶叶的受害程度随着虫量的增大而加深，茶叶产量损失率也随着虫量的增大而增大。 2．对危害程度进行等级分类，分为四类，即1级、2级、3级和4级。出现可恢复性萎蔫或是无明显症状，为害比较轻微的定为1级，百叶10头以下的为害属于1级；嫩梢主脉开始变红到嫩梢侧脉轻微变红这种症状定为2级为害，百叶10头到百叶30头为害的属于2级为害；为害状介于主、侧脉据变红、叶缘变黄和叶缘黄萎、叶质硬化之间的，属三级危害，百叶30头以上到百叶60头以下的属于3级为害，3级为害严重，影响茶叶的品质；出现叶缘硬化、黄枯或是叶缘卷曲、部分坏死等为害状的定为4级危害，百叶60头以上均属于4级危害，四级为害特别严重，茶叶产量和品质都受到严重影响。 3．春茶和秋茶的虫口密度（x）与产量损失率（y）的线性方程分别为y=0.004625x-0.007891、y=0.005024x-0.01592，百叶虫量小于50头时，茶福建农林大学硕士学位论文假眼小绿叶蝉防治指标及抗性比较11叶产量损失率与百叶虫量成线性显著4正相关，百叶虫量大于50头时，茶叶损失率增大，虫口密度和产量损失率不符合这种线性方程。 4.不同产量水平防治指标的定制结果表明:年产干茶225okg/h扩、2000kg/hmZ、1 750 kg/hm，、1500 kg/h耐、1250 kg/hm，、1000 kg/h扩的茶园春季的假眼小绿叶蝉的防治指标分别为4.6547头/百叶、5.0257头/百叶、5.4979头/百叶、6.1304头/百叶、7.0158头/百叶和8.4988头/百叶，经济允许损失率分别为1.05%、1.18%、1.35%、1.57%、1.89%和2.36%;秋季的防治指标依次为13.6987头/百叶、14.9025头/百叶、16.5953头/百叶、18.8308头/百叶、21.9759头/百叶和26.6629头/百叶，经济允许损失率依次为3.50%、3 .94%、4.51%、5.24%、 6.30%和7.86% 5.14种药剂对假眼小绿叶蝉相对敏感种群的毒力基线测定结果表明:供试药剂对假眼小绿叶蝉均有杀伤作用。其中阿克泰、莫比朗、毗虫琳和咤虫胖的毒力最高，其LCS。值分别为1 .2029 mg·L一‘、1.9821mg·L一‘、3.2359 mg·L一‘和3.4617 mg·L一‘，相对毒力分别为敌敌畏的258.2倍、巧6.8倍、96.2倍和89.7倍。而毒力最低的3种农药依次是安绿宝、乐果和敌敌畏，其LC。。值分别为157.3620 mg·L一‘、199.5262 mg·L一‘和310.5990 mg·L一‘。 6.不同药剂LCS。值的测定结果表明:阿克泰在西区茶园、南区茶园、福安茶场、寿宁茶场的抗性倍数分别为1倍、2.2倍、10.5倍和13.3倍;莫比朗的抗性倍数分别为1倍、1.5倍、7.2倍和10.1倍;毗虫琳抗性倍数分别为1倍、1.8倍、3.8倍和6.7倍;淀虫眯抗性倍数分别为1倍、1.9倍、5.1倍和6.9倍;阿维菌素抗性倍数分别为，1倍、1，3倍、2.5倍和3.5倍;高效氯氰菊醋抗性倍数为别为1倍、1.5倍、2.7倍和3.4倍。抗药性增长最快的是阿克泰，从1倍增长到13.3倍，最慢的是阿维菌素，增长了3.4倍。假眼小绿叶蝉对阿克泰、莫比朗、陡虫眯和毗虫琳均产生不同程度的抗性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Gothe belonged to Homoptera, Cicadellidae, is a predominant pest on domestic tea plantation which harms tee trees universally and frequently. It harms the burgeon and sucks the water and juice from tea tree with its piercing-sucking mouthparts. When tee trees are harmed, the quantity of poly-hydroxybenzene and aminophenol in tea burgeon gets lower and water-solubility carbohydrate gets higher, the nervation of tea burgeon gets red , the leaf edge or all burgeon gets wilted, stopping grow, curly and sclerous. Therefore, it does harm to the yield and quality of tea greatly.In this dissertation , the situation harmed by the green leafhopper was investigated under different density of this pest quantity, the classable grade harmed by it was established .different economic thresholds under different seasons and yield were conducted , the sensitive baselines of 14 pesticides were initially set up. by mensurating the LC50 of E. vitis from different tea plantations in fujian province, the resistant levels of them from different plantations were analyzed and compared . the method of preventing it and the strategy of reducing pesticide residue as well as preventing and stayingpesticide resistance were discussed. The following result shows:1. When E. vitis does harm to tea trees under different quantity density, the harmed degree intensifies with the pest quantity getting more, and the rate of tea yield loss increases in the same condition.2. We graded the harmed degrees into four, i.e,1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree, 4th degree. The symptom that there are restorable wilt or indistinct-symptom and lighter harm were classified as 1st, the symptom under 10/hundred leaves was belonged to 1st.The symptom that the main nervation of twig begin to get red and the subsidiary nervation get light red were classified as 2nd, the symptom from 10 pest/hundred leaves to 30 pest/hu,ndred leaves was belonged to 2nd . The symptom between main and subsidiary nervation getting red and leaf edge getting yellow , wilted, sclerous were classified as 3rd, the symptom from 30 pest/hundred leaves to 60 pest/hundred leaves was belonged to 3rd, this degree was severe, the quality of tea began to be affected. The symptom that there are yellow curly wilted leaf edges or part died leaves were classified as 4th, The symptom over 60 pest/hundred leaves was belonged to 4th,this harm of degree wer especially severe, the quality and quantity were affected severely.3.The density of this pest quantity(x) and the loss rate of yield (y) were correlative, the correlative equations of spring and autumn tea were respectively y=0. 004625x-0. 007891, y=0. 005024x-0. 01592.When the pest quantity was under 50 /hundred.leaves, the loss rate and the density of quantity had remarkably plus correlation, however, whenover 50 /hundred leaves, the pest density and the loss rate were not correlative.4. The various yield Economic thresholds of E vitis showed: the E. vitis’ s economic thresholds of which yearly tea output in spring were respectively 2250kg/hm2, 2000 kg/hm2,1750 kg/hm2,1500 kg/hm2,1250 kg/hm2,1000kg/hm2 were respectively 4. 6547pests/hundred leaves,5.0257 pests/hundred leaves, 5.4979 pests/hundred leaves, 6. 1304 pests/hundred leaves, 7. 0158 pests/hundred leaves and 8. 4988 pests/hundred leaves, the corresponding rate of allowed economic loss were respectively 1.05 %, 1.18%, 1. 35%, 1.57%, 1. 89% and 2. 36%. As the same as spring, the E. vitis’ s economic thresholds in autumn were respectively 13.6987 pests/hundredleaves, 14. 9025pests/hundredleaves, 16. 5953 pests/hundred leaves, 18.8308 pests/hundred leaves, 21.9759 pests/hundred leaves and 26. 6629pests/hundred leaves, the corresponding rate of allowed economic loss were respectively 3. 50%, 3. 94%, 4. 51%, 5. 24%, 6. 30% and 7.86%.5. The results of toxicity measurement of 14 insecticides to E. vitis showed that these insecticides could control E. vitis. The most effective insecticide was thiamethoxam, of which the LC50 was 1. 2029 mg L-1 , while the l更多还原