【作者】 陶爱芬；

【导师】 祁建民；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以我国“八·五”至“十·五”期间育种单位选育的及近年从国外引进的40个红麻品种为材料，估算了红麻品种12个产量和纤维品质性状的主成分，以前3个主成分欧氏距离为基础作系统聚类分析，并以第1主成分分别与第2主成分和第3主成分向量作二维排序分类。并在上述研究的基础上，选择供试材料中有代表性的30份品种进行ISSR分子标记，用筛选出的多态性较好的17个ISSR引物对其进行PCR扩增，按Nei-li的方法计算其相似系数并进行聚类分析。试验结果表明： （1）在40份红麻种质中，前3个主成分累计贡献率达86.07％。第1主成分为韧皮纤维产量构成因子（53.44％），第2主成分为茎杆皮骨构成因子（24.94％），第3主成分为纤维品质构成因子（7.69％）。根据品种性状主成分表现，评选出综合性状优良的红麻新品种有福红952-1、福红2-1、KB11、福红992、SCS11-09、KB2、福红2号等7个。其中福红992、KB11、KB2和福红952-1等品种3个主成分构成因子协调最好。研究表明品种主成分二维排序散布图具有简便、直观、与实际表现相近的特点。 （2）在欧氏距离聚类图中，当取值D=51.08时可把40份品种分成4类，即1个大类群和1个亚类群，以及2个单一品种自成体系的个类（福红952—1、福红2号）。在D=39.12水平面上，第1大类又可分为3个小亚类群和5个相互距离较远的单一品种自成体系的个类，这5个品种分别为C2032、BG52-1、泰红763、金山无刺（迟）和福红7号。 （3）根据30份红麻材料ISSR数据构建的树状图可知，在切割线L₁取值为0.785时可将供试材料分为1个大类群和一个由福红951和非洲裂叶两个品种构成的亚类群，以及一个由金山无刺（迟）构成的个类。说明这三个品种的基因型明显有别于其它供试材料，与其它品种的亲缘关系较远，表现出明显的遗传差异性。同时揭示了多数供试材料之间的基因型遗传差异较小。由此可见，我国红麻品种的遗传基础相对狭窄，应通过种质创新拓展红麻的遗传基础。本研究还 福建农林大学硕士学位论文表明，利用类群间的遗传差异性选配杂交亲本，能比较快地选育出基因互补的优良新品种;ISSR分子标记可提供品种遗传多样性和亲缘关系的有价值的生物学信息。更多还原

【Abstract】 Principal components(PC) of twelve yield and quality characters of 40 kenaf varieties from abroad and our country, which were selected by breeding institutes of our country during the period from "eighth five-year plan"to"tenth five-year plan", were estimated. The varieties were classified according to the scatter plot of the first two PC vectors, the first and third PC vectors. Genetic diversity and relationship of the 30 representive kenaf varieties was evaluated according to ISSR markers, which genomic DNAs were amplified with 17 ISSR primers selected from 80 primers. The 30 kenaf varieties were clustered into different groups according to the similarity coefficient (Nei-li), which represented the genetic relationship of different varieties. The major results are as follow:(1) the first three PCs, which might be regarded as fiber yield component factor(53.44%), fiber and stem weight proportion factor(24.94%) and fiber quality factor(7.69%), account for 86.07% variation among the varieties. Based on the coefficients of the first three PCs, seven elite varieties were identified: Fu Hong 952-1, Fu Hong 2-1, KB11,Fu Hong 992, SCS11-09, KB2, Fu Hong 2 . The coefficients of the first three PCs of KB 11, Fu Hong 992, KB2, Fu Hong 2 were better than others. The result was similar to that of traditional classification. The classification by scatter plot of the two PC vectors was a more direct and simpler method, which was also effect.(2) At the level of D=51.08, all varieties were clustered into one major group, one inferior group and 2 single-variety groups(Fu Hong 952-l,Fu Hong 2). At the level of D=39.12, the major group was clustered into 3 inferior groups and 5 single-variety groups(C2032,BG52-l,Tai Hong 763, Jin Shan Wu Ci, Fu Hong 7).(3) From the UPGMA cluster based on the genetic similarity (GS), at the level of 0.785, 30 kenaf varieties were clustered into one major group , one inferior groupwhich had two varieties:Fu Hong 951 and Fei Zhou lie Ye ,and one single-variety group which had only Jin Shan Wu Ci(chi). The result indicated the three varieties have further relationship with others, which genotypes were more different from others too; the genotypes of most varieties we studied were closer. The study also indicated that the genetic difference between the kenaf varieties of our courtry was relative closer, which might be improved through germplasm innovation. Using the genetic difference to choose hybridizing pararents could breed new elite varieties faster which germplasm renewed each other. ISSR markers can apply abundant polymophism information at molecular level, which is a valid way to study genetic divesity and relationship of kenaf species.更多还原