【作者】 李玉梅；

【导师】 熊德忠；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 土壤学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 硫作为植物必需的营养元素之一，在烤烟生长发育、生理生化过程和品质等方面具有不可替代的重要作用。本研究采用土壤培育试验、盆栽试验和田间试验相结合的方法，研究了土壤有效硫含量的变化、淋洗特点，土壤有机硫的矿化特性；不同硫肥用量对烤烟生长、生理生化过程和品质的影响。 土壤培育试验结果表明，不同硫肥品种施入土壤后，土壤有效硫含量明显升高，在培育1周时有效硫含量达到最高值，并随着培育时间的延长，土壤有效硫含量表现出先升高而后降低的趋势；含硫量较低的潮土，其有效硫变化幅度明显大于含硫量较高的灰泥田的变化幅度；在相同施硫量的条件下，硫酸铵最有利于提高土壤有效硫含量，其次是硫酸镁、硫酸钾，而施过磷酸钙增加土壤有效硫含量较少。 淋洗能使施入土壤中的硫大量流失，同样施硫水平下过磷酸钙中的硫较硫酸钾中的硫更易淋失。从有效硫的累积淋洗量得出，硫的淋洗损失主要发生在淋洗前期，一般3周内淋洗量可达培养期间总淋洗量的55％-75％。整个淋洗培养期间不同处理硫的总淋洗量变化较大，灰泥田不施硫、施用硫酸钾、施用过磷酸钙处理的硫总淋洗量分别为18.1 mg／kg土、31.03 mg／kg土、32.37 mg／kg土；潮土不施硫、施用硫酸钾、施用过磷酸钙处理的硫总淋洗量分别为8.99 mg／kg土、20.07mg／kg、23.67 mg／kg土。淋洗使较多的有效硫随淋洗液流失，且会促进土壤硫向下迁移，在下层淀积。 在有机硫的矿化试验中，土壤培养105天后，乌泥田的有机硫累积矿化量较高，达到30.81 mg／kg；其次为紫泥田、灰黄泥田，其有机硫累积矿化量分别为26.28 mg／kg、25.49mg／kg；黄泥田、灰泥田的有机硫累积矿化量较低，分别为21.67mg／kg、19.60 mg／kg。培养期间，有机硫矿化率以有机质含量较丰富的乌泥田的较高，达到15.07％；有机质含量较贫乏的紫泥田的有机硫矿化率较低，只有7.00％；黄泥田、灰黄泥田、灰泥田的有机硫矿化率分别为7.07％、9.60％、7.40％。随着培养时间的延长，土壤中矿化的硫逐渐减少，培养21天有机硫累计矿化量为9.23-16.91 mg／kg土（均值为12.67 mg／kg土），占土壤总有机硫的3.48％-8.27％（均值为4.80％），占105天有机硫矿化总量的45.84％-55.01％。 盆栽试验表明，据烤烟现蕾期的测定，S₂（0.12gS／kg土）、S₃（0.18gS／kg土）处理的烤烟叶片光合色素含量较高，光合速率较大，膜脂过氧化产物（MDA）含量及保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性较低，说明施用0.12g-0.18gS／kg土的硫肥烟株生理代谢良好，叶片的活性氧代谢处于一种较平衡状态，脂膜受到的伤害比较小。福建农林大学硕士论文2004一4而对照和S，（0.3095/kg土）处理的烤烟叶片光合色素含量较低，光合速率较小，膜脂过氧化产物（MDA）含量及保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性高，活性氧代谢处于不平衡状态.硫与蛋白质的合成密切相关，烟叶中可溶性蛋白质含量与烟叶全硫含量之间存在显著正相关（r=0 .9288.）。硫对氨基酸含量和种类组成有显著影响，氨基酸总量与烟叶全硫含量之间存在显著正相关（:一0.9716.）。 硫是烤烟生长发育必需的营养元素，硫供应不足或过量都会导致烤烟产量和质量的下降.盆栽试验结果表明，52、S，处理的烟株长势较好，株高、茎围、最大叶面积较大，根系发育良好，根毛较多;52处理的烟株气候斑病最轻.在本试验条件下，53处理的总生物产量最高，达127.36克/株，与对照处理的差异达到极显著水平;S，处理的总生物产量最低，只有107.63克/株。大田试验分级测产统计表明，烟叶产量、产值以C处理（75kgs/公顷）的最高，分别为3643.35 kg/公顷、32289.75元/公顷，比对照高11%、10%;G处理（225.00kgs/公顷）烟叶产量（2959.50kg/公顷）、产值（26755.盯元/公顷）与c处理的相比，差异达到极显著水平;上等烟比例以D处理（112.50kgs/公顷）的最高，为49.47%，硫肥用量最高的G处理上等烟比例最小，仅为35.050/0，这说明硫供应不足或过量都会使烤烟上等烟比例减小。在本试验的土壤和气候条件下，建议烤烟施用75.0一112.skgs/公顷的硫肥.而对于含硫量较高的土壤，应考虑少施或不施含硫肥料，避免烟叶含硫量过高，提高烟叶品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sulphur is a necessary nutrient for plants, and the sulphur fertilizer is important on the growth, physiology process and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Soil culture,pot experiment and field experiment were conducted to study the characteristics of soil available sulphur content, soil available sulphur leaching and soil organic sulphur mineralization, and the effect of S fertilizer content on growth, physiology process and quality of flue-cured tobacco.Soil culture results showed soil available sulphur had been increased significantly after different sulphur ferti1izer were appl ied. The soil available sulphur content gained the biggest 7 days incubation after, and it raised at first, then got down following time gone, and the changebleness of soil available sulphur of moist field with more sulphur was more clear than that of marl field with less sulphur. On the same amount of sulphur fertilizer, the raising order of soil available sulphur content in all treatments with application different kind of sulphur fertilizer was: ammonia sulphate > magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate > single superphosphate.Leaching could make sulphur of fertilizer lose greatly in soil. The sulphur leaching of single superphosphate was easyer than that of potassium sulphate. The leaching amount of sulphur indicated, sulphur leaching was mainly in the former times of experiment, and the leaching amount of sulphur within 21 days was 55-75 percent of total leaching amount. The laeching amount difference between the treatments was significant. For marl field, total leaching amount of CK treatment,applying potassium sulphate treatment, applying single superphosphate treatment were respectively 18. 12mg/kg, 31. 03 mg/kg, 32. 37 mg/kg. And for moist field, total leaching amount of CK treatment, applying potassium sulphate treatment, applying single superphosphate treatment were respectively 8. 99mg/kg, 20. 07 mg/kg, 23. 67 mg/kg. Leaching made a lot of available sulphur lose following water, promoted soil sulphur downward movement and accumulating.During 105 day incubation, the amount of organic sulphur mineralized of black mud field was high, which was 30. 81 mg/kg, that of purple mud field, marl-yellow field were respectively 26. 28mg/kg, 25. 49mg/kg, that of yellow mud field, marl field were low, which were respectively 21. 67mg/kg, 19. 60mg/kg. The percentage of the S mineralized in total organic sulphur of black mud field with more organic matter was high, 15.07% during whole incubation, and that of purple mud field with less organic matter was low, only 7.00%. And that of yellow mud field, marl-yel low field and marl field were respectively 9. 60%, 7. 40%, 15. 07%. The amount of the S mineralized in soils got down following time gone, The total amounts of S mineralized ranged from 9. 23mg/kg to 16. 91mg/kg (av. 12. 67mg/kg) during 21 day incubation, and the percentage of the S mineralized in total organic sulphur of soils was 3.48% - 8.27% (av. 4.80%), that in 105 day S mineralized was 45.84% - 55.01%.The results of pot experiment showed that chlorophy and carotene contents of S2 (0. 12g/kg) treatment and S) (0. 18g/kg) treatment were high, the net photosynthesis rates were high, the content of malondialdehyde( MDA) and activities of superroxide (SOD) , peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were still low during first bloom, which indicated flue-cured tobacco plant physiological metabolism of 0. 12g/kg-0. 18g/kg sulphur fertilizer treatments were well, and which kept the balance of active oxygen metabolism in flue-cured tobacco leaves, and reduced the lipid peroxide.Chlorophy and carotene contents of S0 (0. OOg/kg) treatment and S5 (0. 30g/kg) treatment were low, the net photosynthesis rates were low, the content of raalondialdehyde(MDA) and activities of superr oxide (SOD) , peroxidase(POD) and catalase (CAT) were still high, which broken the balance of active oxygen metabolism in flue-cured tobacco leaves. Sulphur was most closely related to composing of protein . In flue-cured tobacco leaves , Soluble-protein content更多还原