【作者】 滕汉书；

【导师】 林开敏；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 马尾松是我国重要的用材树种，在我国南方地区，每年都要营造大面积的马尾松人工林。因此，对马尾松苗木的需求迅速上升。由于用裸根苗造林存在造林成活率低，造林效果差，造林后缓苗期长，生长缓慢，补植费用较高等缺点，使得用容器苗造林成为目前马尾松人工林营造的主要手段。但传统的容器育苗基质大都以森林腐殖质土、黄心土、火烧土配合有机肥料、树皮粉等为主，重量较重，不便于运输，增加了造林成本，从而限制了容器苗的发展。本文在全面总结国内外容器育苗研究和容器苗生产的基础上，以质地疏松、重量较轻的有机物为主，配合当地的农林废弃物资源，进一步开展轻型基质容器育苗基质筛选及其指数施肥技术的研究。 通过调查当地农林废弃物资源，以泥炭土、珍珠岩、锯屑和稻谷壳为基本材料，采用单形重心混料设计的试验方法，共设计了14种轻型基质配方和两个对照配方(常规育苗基质和半轻型育苗基质)，开展温室马尾松容器育苗轻型基质配方的筛选研究。这对我国容器育苗技术的发展和推广应用具有重要的现实意义。 在分析各种基质基本物理性质、根团宿土率、营养袋重量的基础上，通过对不同基质的马尾松容器苗生长进行定期调查，绘制出了不同基质的马尾松容器苗苗高、地径、平均单株生物量和根系生物量生长曲线图。以马尾松容器苗100天苗龄的测定数据为基础，用单因素方差分析和多重比较的数学方法，比较了不同基质配方间各测定指标间的差异。运用多目标决策的方法对各个基质不同测定指标值进行综合评价，得出如下结论： (1) 不同基质的物理性质有较大差异。其中容重最小的是3#基质(0.15g／cm~3)，其容重只有对照(15#常规育苗基质)的17％，而最大持水量却是对照(15#基质)的6倍。本试验设计的14个轻型基质配方的营养袋重量(41.76～74.69g／袋)均小于两个对照(15#为133.47g／袋和16g基质80.51g／袋)。 (2) 不同基质配方的根团宿土率存在明显的差异，其中根团宿土率最大的是8#基质和13#基质，达到91％；含稻谷壳和珍珠岩较多的基质配方(如2#和4#基质)，其根团宿土率普遍较低。不同基质配方的容器苗场圃发芽率相差不大，基本介于75％～85％之间。 (3) 不同基质配方对马尾松百日容器苗苗高、地径、高径比、平均单株生物量、根系生物量、根冠比和苗木质量指数有显著影响。从生长指标和苗木质量指数来看，3#、6#、13#、1#、10#和14#基质配方的容器苗生长表现良好，苗木质量较高，且均明显高于对照(15#和16#)，是马尾松容器苗生产较为理想的轻型基质配方。经多重比较结果表明，不同基质的马尾松百日容器苗苗高、地径、平均单株生物量和根系生物量两两间大部分达到极显著和显著差异。 (4) 不同基质配方的马尾松容器苗的苗高、地径、平均单株生物量和根系生物量生长进程基本符合“S”型生长曲线。 (5) 不同基质配方对马尾松容器苗育苗成本有一定的影响，1#～14#轻型基质配方的容器苗平均单株成本均在0.053～0.062 元／株的范围内；略高于常规育苗基质15#(为0.049 元／株)和半轻型基质16#(0.050元／株)的容器苗，其中单株成本最高的为2#基质(0.062元)。 福建农林大学2004届硕士研究生学位论文 (6)通过多目标决策的综合评价，3#基质综合评价值最高，为最佳基质配方，其次为6#基质配方;不同基质的马尾松百日容器苗综合评价值依次为:3#(0.8841)>6#(0 .8427)>l#(0.7863))13#(0.7849)>14#(0.7586))10#(0.7371)>8#(0 .6 1 90)>16#(0.5929))11#(0.5335)>15#(0.4654))9#(0.4294)>7#(0 .4456)>5#(0.4148)>12#(0.3374)>4#(0，3209)>2#(0.2434)。 (7)根据试验设计原理，得出马尾松百日容器苗苗高、地径、生物量的回归方程。通过检验，苗高、地径、生物量的理论值和实际测定值相差不大，说明回归方程对马尾松容器苗生长的拟合效果较好。应用单纯形方法得出最优的基质配方，并与实际试验结果进行了比较分析，得出采用基质成分为泥炭土44%、锯屑38%和稻谷壳18%的搭配为最优组合，其理论苗高值可达19.39C。:采用基质成分为泥炭土50%、锯屑40%和稻谷壳10%时，其理论生物量值可达0.7079。 在温室集约栽培条件下，生长在小型容器上的马尾松苗木其生长量表现为“S”型曲线(指数型曲线)。然而为了最大限度地补充苗木所需养分，目前在苗木指数生长阶段，施肥方案大都采用传统营养的一次性或周期性等量供应以N素占较大比例的各种营养物质，这与苗木生长不相适应。这种施肥方式不仅造成了肥料的极大浪费和过量施肥所带来的环境污染，而且也直接影响苗木生长潜力的最大发挥，降低苗木质量。针对这种情况，本文在总结国内外研究的基础上，以稳态营养理论与技术作为指导，初步开展温室马尾松容器苗指数施肥技术研究，这对建立全新的容器苗施肥实用技术体系具有十分重要的现实意义。 施肥试验采用完全区组随机设计，共设相对添加速率为5.1%、6.1%、7.1%的指数施肥和常规施肥、对照不施肥5种不同处理，每种处理设3个重复。通过对不同施肥方式的容器苗苗高、地径、平均单株生物t和根系生物量的统计分析，得出如下结论更多还原

【Abstract】 Pinus massonana is the important trees of our country, in southern area of our country. Pinus massonana plantation is built largely every year.And the demand for Pinus massonana seedling rises rapidly. It is main means to use Container seeding to build Pinus massonana plantation because of that using bared-rooted seeding to afforest has some disadvantages .But traditional container seedlings media is inconvenient to transport and increase afforesting cost. It is hard to develop traditional container seeding.On the basis of fully investigating local discards source in agriculture and forestry, we make use of simplex centroid mixture design .Four kinds of major mediums (peat soil , pearlite , sawdust and com shell ) were selected to consist of fourteen kinds of various mediums and two contrast mediums were taken .too.Analyzing basic physical character and root group holding soil capacity and weight of nutrition bag of different kinds of mediums , investigating growth of different kinds of Pinus massonana container seedling, curve graph of different mediums of Pinus massonana growth were drawn about height, basal diameter, individual average biomass and foot-system biomass .Based on survey data of 100 days of container seedling of Pinus massonana and methods of single factor analysis of variance and much mathematics methods to compare again ,we compared difference between them. Finally we use evaluated comprehensively by multi-objective decision method to have comprehensive appraisal and draw the following conclusion:(1)The physical property of different mediums has great difference. The lightest is No.3 (0.15g/cm3) among them, and its weight is 17% of the contrast ,but water-holding capacity is 6 times contrasted (No. 15). The weight of No. 14 (41.76~74.69g / bag) is lighter than the two contrast( No. 15 ,133.47g / bag and No. 16, 80.51g / bag)in this experiment.(2)Root group holding soil capacity is obviously different among different mediums .The better is No.8 and No. 13 . up to 91%;but some mediums consisting of pearlite and corn shell much more ( such as No.2 and No.4) are generally relatively low .At the same time germination rate has no obvious difference and lies between 75% ~ 85% basically.(3)The difference of mediums has distinct influence on height ,basal diameter, height-diameter ratio .individual average biomass ,root-system biomass ,shoot-root ratio and seedling quality index to one hundred days Pinus massonana container seedling . Seeing from growth index and quality index, No.3, No.6 , No. 13 , No. 1, No. 10 and No. 14 grow better than the two contrast(No,15 and No.l6)and are ideal mediums. The study results indicated that the difference of height ,basal diameter individual average biomass and root-system biomass of different mediums of one hundred days of Pinus massonana container seedling is extremely significant or significant between them .(4) The growth process of height .basal diameter individual average biomass androot-system biomass of different mediums of Pinus massonana container seedling accords with " S " type growth curve basically.(5)The difference of mediums has certain influence on cost , the individual cost of l~14No. ranges from 0.053 to 0.062 yuan .and is slightly higher than No. 15 (0.049 yuan) or No. 16 (0.050 yuan) .and the highest one is No .2 (0.062 yuan) among them .(6)The best substrate formula is No.3 and the next is No.6 by evaluated comprehensively by multi-objective decision method . The comprehensive appraisal result of one hundred days container seedling is No.3 (0.8841)> No.6 (0.8427)> No.1 (0.7863)> No.13 (0.7849> No.14 (0.7586)> No.10 (0.7371)> No.8 (0.6190)> No.16 (0.5929)> No.11 (0.5335)> No.I5 (0.4654)> No.9 (0.4294)> No.7 (0.4456)> No.5 (0.4148)> No.12 (0.3374)> No.4 (0.3209)> No.2 (0.2434).(7)Based on mathematical mode of experimental design , this paper draws a recursive equation on height ,basal diameter ,biomass of 100 days Pinus massonana container seedling .The equation was tested successfully The optimized mediums for container seedling w更多还原