【作者】 陈根；

【导师】 吴刚；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 生物化学与分子生物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 菜缢管蚜Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach属于同翅目，蚜科，是十字花科蔬菜、花卉的主要害虫之一。其主要危害甘蓝、花椰菜和青菜等十字花科蔬菜，对蔬菜的生产构成极大的威胁。为了给菜缢管蚜的防治工作提供理论依据，本文对福州地区各主要菜区菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗性进行监测，并对各菜缢管蚜种群羧酸酯酶个体分布频率进行了研究，主要结果如下： 1 福州地区不同菜区四个菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗药性监测结果表明，在2003年6月建新菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别达到54.1、130.0、121.5、20.0、27.1、9.7、42.3倍，上街菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别达到56.5、113.5、93.4、21.4、26.3、7.0、46.6倍，洪塘菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别达到60.0、112.0、111.1、19.6、26.2、10.6、43.0倍，农大菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗性倍数分别达到61.4、145.3、133.8、25.4、21.4、10.3、45.8倍；监测结果表明各种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯已产生高抗；对阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、吡虫啉和毒死蜱形成中等抗性，可以谨慎和有节制的继续使用，而甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯则已经形成过高的抗性，不宜继续使用；同时应该轮用不同作用机制的药剂，以延缓抗药性的发展。 2 研究结果也表明福州地区各主要菜区菜缢管蚜种群对甲胺磷、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、丁硫克百威、毒死蜱的抗药性在季节上均呈现有规律的波浪式变化，每年5-6月、10-11月高而9月初各种群抗性水平显著较低；考虑到各菜区菜缢管蚜种群在季节上的变化，在防治的时候应针对不同季节进行，对其抗药性季节差异予以重视。 3 对各地菜缢管蚜种群个体羧酸酯酶研究结果表明，无论是抗性种群还是敏感种群，其个体羧酸酯酶活性分布频率均趋于正态分布，即两头低，中间高；各抗性种群的羧酸酯酶的活性水平明显高于敏感种群，其中以洪塘菜缢管蚜种群的羧酸酯酶活性水平最高，这跟各种群的抗药性监测结果亦相吻合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach, which belongs to Homoptera, is an important worldwide pest to eruciferous vegetables. Serious damage to cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage (Brassica oleracea van capitata), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and greengrocery were found in vegetables fields in Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Vegetable production therefore is seriously threatened. To provide theoretical basis for L. erysimi integrated control, studies on the dynamics of resistance development and seasonal variations of insecticide resistance to methamidophos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, avermectins, carbosulfan and chlorpyrifos, the dynamics of CarE and the frequency distribution of individual L. erysimi CarE activity of several different Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach populations in Fuzhou, and the relationship between seasonal variation of Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach populations and their insecticide resistance were conducted. The results are summarized as follows:1. Compared to the susceptible population which was reared in the the field insecticide-free condition, the insecticide ratios to the insecticides in Jianxin L. erysimi population were 54.1-, 130.0-, 121.5-, 20.0-, 27.1-, 9.7-, and 42.3-fold respectively; the insecticide ratios to the insecticides in Shangjie L. erysimi population were 56.5-, 113.5-, 93.4-, 21.4-, 26.3-, 7.0-, and 46.6-fold respectively; the insecticide ratios to the insecticides in Hongtang L. erysimi population were 60.0-, 112.0-, 111.1-, 19.6-, 26.2-, 10.6-, and 43.0-fold respectively; and the insecticide ratios to the insecticides in Nongda L. erysimi population were 61.4-, 145.3-, 133.8-, 25.4-, 21.4-, 10.3-, and 45.8-fold respectively. L. erysimi showed very high resistance levels to methamidophos, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, these insecticides thus should be not used any longer; while the resistance levels to imidacloprid, avermectins, carbosulfan and chlorpyrifos were moderate, and these insecticides should be used restrainedly.2. In addition, L. erysimi populations showed seasonal variations of resistance to the insecticides. Generally to say, insecticide resistance in early summer and autumn is higher than that in spring and winter in one year. Therefore L. erysimi integrated control should according to its resistance seasonal variation.3. Studies on frequency distribution of individual L. erysimi CarE activity indicated that the frequency distribution of individual L. erysimi CarE activity both of resistant populations and of susceptive population were trend to normal school, and the resistant L. erysimi populations have significant higher CarE activity than susceptive L. erysimi population. Thereinto, the activity level of CartE in Hongtang L. erysimi population is the highest among the four field populations, which is tally to the result of drug-fast test on each population.更多还原