重金属废水处理剂的研制及应用研究

【作者】 钱功明；

【导师】 张一敏； 钟康年； 刘羽；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 工业废水中所含的重金属进入环境后很难被生物降解，因其参与食物链并最终在生物体内积累，破坏生物体正常生理代谢活动，给生物环境带来极大的污染。所以，对重金属废水的治理一直是人们关注的焦点。 在前人研究的基础上，本研究选用改性的天然磷灰石为原料，添加粘结剂和发泡剂，采用滚动制粒成型的方法，制备性能优良的颗粒状重金属废水处理剂，用静态法和动态法进行去除废水中的重金属离子试验，并对失效的水处理剂进行了处理，避免二次污染。 废水处理剂制备试验结果表明，Al和N-1分别作为粘结剂和发泡剂的效果好，最佳的制备条件是：-100目占75％的改性磷灰石配加6％clay1和0.2％N-1、水分10％、造球时间为12min，烘干后在700℃下焙烧20min，在该条件下得到的水处理剂去除pb²⁺能力达661.10mg／g，有很好的脱色作用和降低COD的功能。 较低的pH值，较长的处理时间，较高的废水浓度和较高的反应温度可适当提高水处理剂去除pb²⁺能力，粒度在1-5mm之间，比较符合生产的要求，去除重金属离子能力与去除剂的比表面积决定。失效的水处理剂TCLP试验测得Pb²⁺溶出浓度为8.4mg／L，溶出率为0.10％，超出了国家排放标准，在900℃下焙烧3h后，pb²⁺溶出浓度仅为1.8mg／L，达到国家排放标准。以10％比例掺入粘土制砖后，砖的抗压强度仍能达到国家标准，pb²⁺溶出浓度只有0.03mg／g，不会造成二次污染。 综合效益分析表明，水处理剂是一种质优价廉的最具有应用潜力和开发价值的环境矿物材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial wastewater containing heavy metal ions contaminates biotic environment greatly. Because heavy metal ions have a low-grade biodegradability, play along with food chain and be accumulated in living body at last, destruct living body’s normal metabolism. Now the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metal ions has been paid great attention.In this article, basing on the existing study, the granular wastewater treatment agent which has blue-chip property for heavy metal ions contained wastewater prepared with modified natural apatites are rolled with the addition of water, in discs. During the formation, adhesive and foaming agent are use for improving the property of agent. The static and dynamic methods were used in the experiment of attenuating the heavy metal ions containing wastewater, and the invalid agent was treated to avoid secondary pollution.The results of preparation experiments of the wastewater treatment agent for heavy metal containing wastewater indicate that adding Al as adhesive and N-l as foaming agent are benefit for the property of the wastewater treatment agent. The optimum conditions to prepare wastewater treatment agent are: the fraction of -100 mesh of the modified natural apatites’ particle size is 75%, clayl is 6%, N-l is 0.2%, moisture content is 10%, roasting temperature is 700 C and the retaining time is 20 minutes. Under the optimum condition, the removal ability of Pb2+ of the wastewater treatment agent can reach 661.10mg/g, have the decoloration and decline COD.Excellent attenuation of Pb 2+ is obtained at low pH, long conditioning time, high temperature and high initial concentration of heavy metal ions. To adapt the request of produce, the agent’s size are required l-5mm. The specific surface area of hydroxyapatite mainly controls the removal ability of Pb2+ of the wastewater treatment agent. A TCLP test was conducted on the invalid agent. The centrifuged supernatant was found to contain 8.4mg/L Pb2+ which excess the national discharge standard, the exchanging ratio is 0.10%. After 3 hours of firing at 900 C, the concentration of Pb2+ is only 1.8mg/L, reach the national discharge standard. The compressive strength of brick manufacture with 10% of the invalid agent in brick clay get up to the national standard, the released concentration of Pb2+ is no other than 0.03mg/L, no secondary pollution.With the analysis of overall benefits, the wastewater treatment agent for heavy metal containing wastewater is a most potential environmental mineral material, which property is good and cost is cheap.更多还原