应用杯芳烃衍生物回收废水中重金属及稀贵金属离子的研究

【作者】 周杨；

【导师】 贺启环； 刘芳；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 实验主要研究了对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃及其衍生物的合成，并利用合成的对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃醚类衍生物和氯磺化衍生物对汞、银、铬离子进行萃取能力、萃取选择性及反萃取能力的研究，探讨了实验中离子测定之间的相互干扰和三废的回收处理并循环利用。通过分析核磁共振谱图及红外光谱图，发现合成的对叔丁基杯[4]芳烃结构与文献报道基本符合。杯芳烃吡啶衍生物(衍生物1)、苄氯衍生物(衍生物2)、氯磺酸衍生物(衍生物3)都达到合成的预定结构。汞离子萃取实验中，考察了不同pH值、不同汞离子浓度和不同相比对萃取效果的影响；银离子萃取实验中，主要考察了pH值对萃取的影响以及不同温度对纯溶剂萃取银离子的影响；铬离子萃取实验中，主要考察了pH值、不同铬离子浓度对萃取效果的影响。结果表明，衍生物2对汞离子的萃取效果最好，衍生物1对银离子的萃取效果最好，衍生物1和衍生物2对铬离子基本没有萃取效果，只有衍生物3对铬离子有一定的萃取效果，同时还探讨使用各种试剂从有机相中反萃取回收汞、铬离子的可行性。并且研究了三种离子相互间对测定的影响以及萃取剂对三种离子的萃取选择性。对合成杯芳烃及衍生物1、2和3进行成本核算，对每回收1mg汞、银、铬离子所需药剂费也进行成本核算。更多还原

【Abstract】 Calixarene is a kind of respecting host macrocyclic compound, followed cyclodextrin and crown ether, and has strong ability of selective extraction of metal ions. P-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its derivatives are synthesized in the experiment. Selective extraction for silver, mercury and chromium ions is also studied in this paper. Waste liquid produced in the experiment are recovered. According to the analysis of NMR and FTIR, the structure of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene synthesized in the experiment is mainly coincide to the literature. The structures of derivative 1,2 and 3 are also determined by FTIR. In the mercury ion extraction experiment, the different conditions of pH, mercury ion concentration and phase ratio, which affect on the extraction efficiency are examined. In the silver ion extraction experiment, the effect of solution’s pH is mainly examined. In the chromium ion extraction experiment, the different conditions of pH and chromium ion concentration, which affect on the extraction efficiency are examined. The results indicate: the derivative 2 has extraction abilities for mercury ion; the derivative 1 has extraction abilities for silver ion; the derivative 3 has extraction abilities for chromium. These results show that the derivative 1, 2 and 3 have selective extraction abilities for mercury, silver and chromium ions. At the end of this paper, the anti extraction abilities of some reagents for mercury and chromium ion are discussed. And calculate the cost of synthesis derivative 1 ,2,3 and the recovering silver, mercury and chromium ions .更多还原