螯合性表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

【作者】 梁政勇；

【导师】 吕春绪； 叶志文；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 螫合性表面活性剂是一类集表面活性和螯合功能于一身的新型功能型表面活性剂，不但具有优良的物理化学性能，而且还具有极大的环境亲和性，堪称“绿色”功能型表面活性剂，为当今表面活性剂工业的研究热点之一。 本文以月桂醇、月桂酸、甲醇、乙二胺、氯乙酸等为原料，经过溴化、酯化、烷基化、酰基化、羧甲基化等单元反应合成了本论文的两种目标产物，最大收率都在80％以上。并通过IR、¹H-NMR等分析手段对其结构进行了测定及表征。 通过正交分析以及单因素分析等实验手段，讨论了合成目标产物的影响因素，得出终产物的最佳合成工艺为n（氯乙酸）：n（单胺）=（6～7）：1，t=80℃，τ=10h，同时也对部分中间体合成工艺的优化进行了探讨；在性能测试时发现：该产品具有较高的表面活性，其降低水表面张力的效能为24.9mN．m^-1，此时cmc=3.0mmol．L^-1；优良的软、硬水中的泡沫性能，得其泡沫稳定系数分别为0.96和0.98；对不同体系较强的乳化性能：较强的Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺螯合力，其对Ca²⁺的螯合比最终可接近1：1。同普通表面活性剂相比，螯和性表面活性剂具有表面活性高、抗硬水能力强等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chelating surfactants are a new type of surfactants that combine surface activity with chelation. They are named of ’Green’ surfactants for excellent physical and chemical properties. They will be studied well as one of hot spots for the present.Two products were obtained with a high yield up 80% from raw materials after a series of unit reactions, such as bromizing, alkanisation, acidylation and esterification etc. In addition, their structures were characterized with the aid of IR and 1H-NMR.The optimum technology conditions for preparing products were dicided by orthogonal and single factor analysis: n (chloroacetic acid) : n (intermediate) = 6~7:l,t=80C and T=10h, what’s more, better technology of some intermediates were probed. Some properties of N-laurylenthlenediaminetriacetic acid sodium were determined initially. The results are surface tension 24.9mN.m-l, critical micelle concentration 3.0mmol.L-l, foam stability in soft water and hard water 0.96 and 0.98, calcium chelation values 1:1. The superiority of high surface activity and strong anti-salt were found by comparing with others.更多还原