【作者】 陈小强；

【导师】 王振宇； 王萍； 赵垦田；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 红松（Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.）既是珍贵的用材树种，又是驰名中外的名、优、特干果树种，其种仁中含有大量生物活性成分，营养丰富。 1．本文采用超临界CO₂萃取法提取红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸，首先进行萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸收率影响的水平实验，在此基础上设定三因素三水平，进行正交试验，确定了提取的优化工艺参数，即萃取压力为40MPa，萃取温度为50℃，萃取时间为3h。同时用压榨法进行红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸提取的对比实验，结果显示在实验条件下其提取的收率要远低于超临界CO₂萃取法。 分别采用水提法和超声波法对脱脂红松种仁中的水溶性多糖进行提取，结果表明水提法的收率要优于超声波法，同时分别确定了两种方法的优化提取工艺参数，其中水提法的优化参数是：提取温度为100℃，料液比为1：10，提取时间为3.0h，醇沉浓度为80％，优化提取收率为3.35％。超声波法的优化参数是：料液比为1：20，提取时间为1.0h，醇沉浓度为80％。 2．用溶剂萃取法对红松种仁的油脂含量进行测定，测得实验用红松种仁的油脂含量为70.26％。通过对红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸的成分分析，明确了主要的脂肪酸组分，不饱和脂肪酸达94％以上，其中人体必需的亚汕酸和α-亚麻酸等多不饱和脂肪酸含量高达61.9％。 通过对提取的红松种仁多糖的定量分析，确定了水溶性多糖含量为45.76％。 3．以22月龄Wistar大鼠为实验对象，进行红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸调节血糖和血脂作用及延缓衰老作用功能检验。以2月龄KM小鼠为实验对象，进行红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸改善记忆作用和红松种仁多糖免疫调节作用功能检验。 调节血糖和血脂实验结果表明，4.0g／kg．d剂量的红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸处理对高脂血大鼠血清甘油三酯水平有显著的降低作用（P＜0.05），较高脂对照组降低达31.87％；同时对老龄大鼠的体重增长也有很好的抑制作用。 延缓衰老作用实验中，与高脂对照组比较，红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸可以显著降低老龄大鼠血清中的丙二醛（MDA）含量（中、高剂量组分别降低12.66％和20.64％），提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量（中、高剂量组分别提高10.84％和14.97％），提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量（中、高剂量组分别提高18.25％和28.47%），提高血清总抗氧化能力（T一Aoc）（中、高剂量组分别提高21.18%和19.38%），差异均具有统计学意义。 改善记忆作用研究结果表明，红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸可以在一定程度上提高小鼠的一记忆成绩。 免疫调节作用研究结果表明，红松种仁多糖可在一定程度上提高小鼠的免疫能力，尤其是16.09/kg.d剂量组小鼠的平均脾重比空白对照组高出36.36%，差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）。 综上所述，红松种仁不饱和脂肪酸不仅可以作为优良的食用油脂，还可以作为新型的保健用油脂，脱脂红松种仁提取的多糖也同样具有很高的利用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) can provide us with not only valuable timber, but also famous, high-quality and special dry fruit. Its pine nut contains a large amount of biological active composition and rich nutrition.1.The unsaturated fatty acid in Korean pine nut was extracted by the method of supercritical CO2. Regard extraction pressure, extraction temperature and extraction time as the factor, carry on the experiment of the factors that impacts on the yield respectively, on the basis of this, have settled three factors and three levels by orthogonal designs. Determine the best technology parameter, namely the extraction pressure as 40 MPa, extraction temperature as 50C, extraction time as 3h. Carry on Korean pine nut unsaturated fatty acid extraction experiment by the press way, whose results indicate the yield was much lower than the one done by supercritical CO2 extraction method.The polysaccharide in the defatted Korean pine nut was extracted by water extraction and ultrasonic extraction, whose results indicate that the yield of water extraction is superior to ultrasonic extraction, at the same time determine the best technology parameter of the two kinds of methods respectively. The best technology parameter of water extraction is that temperature 100C, lignin-liquid ratio 1: 10, extraction time is 3.0h, alcohol concentration in precipitation 80%, the best yield is 3.35%; The best technology parameter of ultrasonic extraction is that lignin-liquid ratio 1: 20, extraction time is 1.0h, alcohol concentration in precipitation 80 %.2. Determine the fatty acid content of the Korean pine nut by the chemical methods. The fatty acid that Korean pine nut contained amounts to 70. 26%. Through the analysis of the fatty acid composition, have made clear that the main unsaturated fatty acid forms were polyunsaturated fatty acid, whose main composition are a-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, which are necessary to human body, its content is up to 61.9%. Through the analysis of the primary extraction product - polysaccharide, have determined the content of polysaccharide is 45.76%.3. Regard 22 months aged Wistar rats as experimental objects, carry Korean pine nut unsaturated fatty acid research on delay aging function and regulate blood lipid function. Regard 2 months aged KM mice as experimental objects, research on improvingmemory function and Korean pine nut polysaccharide on immunity regulate function.The experimental study of adjust blood lipid:Korean pine nut unsaturated fatty acid of 4.0 g/kg.d treatment could reduce the level of TG in serum remarkably (P<0.05), lower 31.87% than high fat diet control group (HFD control group), and its also could significantly restrain the increase of rats weight.The experimental study on delay aging:The content of MDA was significantly higher in HFD control group than in 4.0g/kg.d group(P<0.05) and 8.0g/kg.d group(P<0.01), and compared with HFD group, Korean pine nut unsaturated fatty acid could significantly reduce the MDA in serum of rats, of which 4.0g/kg.d group could reduce 12.66%, and 8.0 g/kg.d group could reduce 20.64 %.The oil could also improve the content of SOD, of which 4.0g/kg.d group could improve 10.84%, 8.0 g/kg.d group could improve 14.97%.And the oil could also improve the content of GSH-Px, of which 4.0g/kg.d group could improve 18.25%, 8.0 g/kg.d group could improve 28.47%.And the oil could improve the content of T-AOC too, of which 4.0g/kg.d group could improve 21.18%, 8.0 g/kg.d group could improve 19.38%. And compared with the HFD control group, the differences have statistical meanings.The experimental study to ameliorate memory:The results of experiment to ameliorate memory show that Korean pine nut unsaturated fatty acid could remarkably improve memory of the mice to some extent.The experimental study to adjust immunization:The results of adjust immunization show that Korean pine nut polysaccharide could improve immunity of mice to some extent, especially the weight of spleen in 200.0 mg/kg.d group is hi更多还原