【作者】 刘长运；

【导师】 李东升； 丛宪冬； 汤晓华；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国高速公路建设的飞速发展，对高速公路的结构性能检测和监测技术也日益受到工程技术人员和科研工作者重视。由于我国北方地区冬夏温差变化大，还要通过一些软土地带，在这样的寒冷地区软土基上修建高速公路还存在一些需要解决的实际工程问题。为了解决这些问题，同时也是为了保证投入巨资的高速公路能够处于正常完好状态，就应积累充分的连续观测数据和记录，作为工程技术人员进行工程决策的依据，因此精确地检测高速公路的重要参数是一项非常重要的任务。 本文将介绍一种基于数字信号处理和现场总线技术的新型高速公路沉降仪，不仅提高了沉降测试的自动化程度，而且通过在线误差补偿手段提高了测试精度，并且具备现场总线通讯和强大的数据存储能力，可实现信号的远距离传输或长期存储。本文以SIMATIC S200系列PLC为核心，配以总线通讯模块和相关硬件，提出了完整的硬件设计方案。并编制了PLC和上位机的部分相关程序。 传感器存在着非线性、温度漂移等现象，要实现高精度测量，必须采取相应的补偿措施。本设计采用软件的方法进行补偿。对于位移测量过程中的非线性和温度补偿采用多元线性回归法进行曲线拟合，进一步采取分段处理方式，将高阶回归方程变为分段一次方程，并将分段直线的端点数据存在EPROM中，供补偿时调用，这就提高了CPU处理速度。 针对恶劣环境下，测试仪容易受干扰或发生故障的问题，为提高检测装置的抗干扰能力和可靠性，本文提出了一系列提高系统抗干扰能力的软硬件措施，并采用了一种算法简单的针对高速公路沉降仪常见故障的在线自诊断方法，对检测装置的常见故障进行简单但有效的诊断。 现场总线技术是工业自动测控领域的第三次革命。现场总线技术融合了先进的计算机技术、通信技术和控制技术，现场总线控制系统可以实现真正的全分散式控制，开放式系统结构，具有互操作性，尽管现场总线技术正在处于发展和完善之中，其前途是非常光明的。网络化智能测试技术跟随现场总线技术发展而发展，一定有广泛的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the freeway construction in China, the technique of examination and monitoring to its constructional function is regarded more and more by scientists and engineers. Because there is a great difference in temperature between winter and summer in the northern region of our country, and still with the pass of soft land, to set up the freeway in this circumstance is still a practical puzzle that we have to solve. In order to solve these problems, the engineers should be supplied sufficient and continuous data for decision-making. It also helps to make the freeway that has consumed us many funds in perfect status. So the precise, examination of the major parameter of freeway is an important task.This thesis will introduce a new freeway sedimentation test instrument that based on digital signal process and field-bus. It can increase the automatic degree to sedimentation test as well as improve its test accuracy by on-line error compensation. And have the ability of field-bus communication and data storage, so the information can be communicated for long-distance or stored for long-term. With the SIMATIC S200 series PLC as a core and mated with the field-bus communication module and related components, I bring forward a complete design of hardware, and design some related procedure of the PLC and monitor computer.Because that the sensor has the problem of non-linear and temperature drift, some compensatory method should be taken to improve the accuracy of measure. In this design, the compensation is processed by software. To the non-linear error and temperature drifting error of displacement measure, I adopt the method of multi- variable linear simulation. Then turn the high-rank equation to low-rank equation by the method of dividing and store end-point data in the EPROM to increase the speed of process.To the problem that the sensor is easy to be disturbed or go down in the atrocious circumstance, I put forward a series hardware and software measures to improve the ability to anti-disturbance and reliability of the instrument. I also adopt a new simple on-line self-diagnose calculating method that can judge the common fault of the instrument basically but effectively.The field-bus technique is the third revolution of automatic measure and control in industry. It is a combination of advanced technique of computer, communication and control. It can realize the true disperse control and open type system, which have perfect mutual manipulate ability. Although the technique is still in the phase of development, its prospect is great. Network intelligence test technique that follows behind the development of field-bus technique certainly has the extensive future of practicability.更多还原