【作者】 石春玲；

【导师】 宋瑞清； 于文喜；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 落叶松枯梢病（Botryosphaeria laricina（sawada）shang），是危害我国北方落叶松人工林的主要病害。该病属于寄主主导性病害，在防治上必须从调整林分的森林生态关系入手，采取以造林、营林防治技术为基础的综合防治措施，提高树木的抗病性，使该病从根本上得到控制。 本文对黑龙江省勃利县通天一林场落叶松人工林中枯梢病影响因子进行研究，结果表明：5、6月份日最高温与最低温的温差≥12℃，日最大风力≥4m／s等一系列条件，以及6、7月份降雨量的联合作用是枯梢病发生的必要条件；落叶松品种间抗枯梢病的能力与落叶松物候期有密切关系，易感病品系开始抽新梢的时间都提前7～15d，抗病品系开始抽新梢的时间都晚15d左右；新梢含水率直接影响其木质化程度，其影响呈正相关；落叶松当年生枝条无机成分——K⁺、Mn⁺⁺，酚类物质儿茶酸等对病原菌的定殖、扩展都有抑制和杀伤作用。经室内外药剂筛选，筛选出了森保1号、森保1号+多菌灵等药剂对枯梢病防效较好，防治效果达65％以上。 采用树种选择、适地适树、造林营林措施、化学防治等系列综合防治措施，对勃利县通天一林场、东京城林业局红旗林场落叶松进行了大面积防治推广试验，收到了显著的防治效果，平均防效在65％以上，投入与产出比大于1∶16。其中，中幼龄林病情指数控制在20以下，幼龄林病情指数控制在10以下，对该病可从根本上得到控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Larch blight {Botryosphaeria laricina(Sawada)Shang) is the major disease in larch artificial forest in northern China. The disease is the host dominating disease that the control must be started from the adjustment of of forest ecological relation by integrated control measure based on planting and fostering in order to enhance the hosts resistance.The research was on the influence factors of the larch blight in artificial forest of Tongtianyi forestry center of Boli county, Heilongjiang province. The results show that the necessary conditions to larch blight occurrence are the temperature difference between the maximum and the minimum is equal to or greater than 12C, the maximum of the day wind power is equal to or greater than 4m/s in May to June, and in addition the function of rainfall in June and July; The disease resistance between the larch species is related with larch phonological period. The time to grow new branch for easy infected kinds is beforehand 7-15 days and that for resistance kinds is later 15 days or so. The water content of new tip directly influence the lignification level, and shows positive relevance. Inorganic factors K+ Mn++ catechinic acid etc in the newborn branch have inhibiting and killing effects to pathogen establish and expension.The results of pharmacon screening indoor and outdoor show that Senbao No. 1, mixture of Senbao No. 1 and carbendazim have effective control to larch blight, the control effects are up to 65%.Integrated control measures including selection of tree kinds, planting right trees in right fields, forestry planting and fostering, chemical control and so on were used at Tongtianyi forestry center of Boli county and Hongqi forestry center of Dongjingcheng forest bureau of Heilongjiang, and the good effects were got. The average control efficiency is up to 65%, the ratio of investment and production about 1:16. The disease index of middle-young forestry was be controlled below 20 and that of the young forestry below 10. So the disease is under control basically.更多还原