【作者】 郝玉山；

【导师】 王志英； 李忠孝；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文报道了国内外落叶松鞘蛾Coleophora spp的发生与防治历史，研究了兴安落叶松鞘蛾Coleophora dahurica Flkv在内蒙古大兴安岭林区生的物学、生态学特性，兴安落叶松鞘蛾一年发生一代，成虫从6月上旬至7月上旬均可见到羽化，始盛期6月18日、盛期6月22日、盛末期6月28日，产卵量平均为19枚，在虫口密度呈上升趋势时产卵量可以达到40枚。10～40年生的落叶松林受害严重，其中以20年左右的幼林受害最重；山坡下部或背风向阳的林地虫口密度较高，特别是林缘发生较林内严重，山坡上部轻于中部、阴坡轻于阳坡，随着海拔高度的升高虫口密度呈下降趋势。 经过对兴安落叶松鞘蛾的发生量、危害程度和发生频率等研究，将发生区划分为：常灾区、偶灾区和无灾区。将10—25头幼虫／m样枝定为轻度发生、25—50头幼虫／m样枝为中度发生、50头幼虫以上／m样枝为重度发生。通过对兴安落叶松鞘蛾产卵进度、孵化进度、幼虫发育进度、化蛹进度和羽化进度等系统研究，对发生期、发生量进行了预测。采用语言程序与数据库相结合的方法，建立了兴安落叶松鞘蛾的下一年发生量预测模型：Y=219.752+3.059×X₁-0.103×X₂-5.291×X₃+1.859×X_-4.316×X₅和下一年发生面积预测模型：Y=-6.651×X₁+0.139×X₂-3.595×X₃+1.394×X₄+1.394×X₅-0.141×X₆+6.431X₇+7.269×X₈-4.575×X₉-1.162×X₁₀。同时利用已知的兴安落叶松鞘蛾性引诱剂对鞘蛾成虫的发生期进行监测和干扰交配的试验。 在兴安落叶松鞘蛾严重发生的林分，选择高效、低毒和无公害的生物和仿生制剂对该害虫进行了防治。利用1.8％阿维菌素乳油、1.2％烟参碱和25％灭幼脲进行了地面喷雾，其防治效果均在86％以上；采用0.9％阿维菌素地面喷烟防治，其效果在80.56％～95.73％。应用1.8％阿维菌素乳油进行飞机超低量防治，其用药量75g／hm²、120g／hm²、150g／hm²的防治效果分别为89.5％、94.3％和80.1％。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reviewed the domestic and overseas history of outbreaks and control of Coleophora spp. , and studied the biological and ecological characteristics of Coleophora dahurica Flkv DaXing’An Mountain forest areas of Inner Mongolia. C. dahurica has one generation a year. Adults emergence from first ten days of July to first ten days of June. The beginning of submit is 18, July, submit 22, July, end of submit 28, July. A female lays 19 eggs on average. However, the number would be up to 40 on condition that the population density is increasing. Among 10~40-year old larch stands, aggressed severely, the 20-year is the most. The population density is higher on the lower hillside or the leeward side of stands with a sunny exposure, the edge than inside, upper hillside than middle, sunny than shady, and decreased with the increase of the altitude.Based on the studies on population, damage level and outbreak frequency, the aggressed areas were divided into three types: areas with frequent outbreaks, areas aggressed occasionally and areas without outbreaks, and the outbreak level was divided into slight, middle and severe three levels with the population density of 10-25, 25-50 and >50 heads per meter long branch respectively. After the system studies on the schedule of laying eggs, hatching, development of larvae, pupation and er ergence, the outbreak period and the population density were predicted. Using SPSS software, two models were established, which one was Y=219.752+3.059XX1-0. 103XX2-5. 291X Xa+1. 859XX4-4. 316 XX5 (Y: population density of next year; X1: mean temperature of current year; X2: annual rainfall of current year; X,: mean relative humidity; X4: highest temperature of current year; X5: lowerest temperature of current year; ) and another was Y=-6. 651×X1+0. 139×X2-3. 595× Xs+1. 394×X4+1. 394×X5-0. 141 ×X6+6. 431×X7+7. 269×X8-4. 575×X9-1. 162×X10 (Y: areas broken out next year; X,: lowerest temperature of current year; X2: relative humidity of last February; X3: relative humidity of last November; X4: relative humidity of last December; X5; rainfall of current April; X6: rainfall of current May; X7: temperature of last August; X8: temperature of last September; X9: temperature of last November; X10: temperature of last December). Meanwhile, the monitoring adults emergence and disturbing copulating were performed using known sex lure of C. dahurica.In severe aggressed stands, the control effect reached about 90% after controlled by biotic or resemble biotic pesticide with high effect, low toxicity and none social effect of pollution such as AV Bacteriophage , 1.2% matrine and nicotine etc..更多还原