【作者】 丁兵；

【导师】 李玉花； 冯国军；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用引种的11个小菊栽培品种、11个野生种和20个切花菊品种，运用多父本天然杂交与高压静电场处理相结合，采用逐步淘汰法对小菊进行了耐寒性、抗病性及观赏性状方面的选育，获得大量的杂交品系。结果如下： 1．166.67～200kv／m的高压静电场对大多数小菊杂交种子的处理效果最佳。经高压静电场辐射处理的杂交种子平均发芽率比对照种子提高12.08％，定植成活率平均提高9.52％。 2．高压静电场处理使花色变异数量明显增加，辐射组花色变异的花色种类有85个，对照组花色变异的花色种类有42个，处理组的花色变异率比对照组高出97.67％。高压静电场处理对不同小菊品种花色变异指数有不同程度的提高。 3 高压静电场处理使天然杂交种的抗病能力提高，花期延长，花径类型更丰富。 4．根据表型淘汰选优法，制定了小菊优良品系的选择标准。从定植的5677株菊苗中初选出变异性状良好的株系98个；又经过一年的复选，最后选出综合性状优异的栽培小菊优系16个。 5．管状花组织培养研究表明，MS培养基适合小菊的组培快繁。更多还原

【Abstract】 Eleven introduced cultivars, 11 wild species and 20 cut flower cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum L.) involved in this experiment. A plenty of hybrid lines of small chrysanthemum with cold hardiness, disease resistance and good fancy points were gradually selected in natural hybridization with multiple male parents and treatment with high-voltage electrostatic field. The results are as follows:1. High-voltage electrostatic field with 166.67 ~200kv/m intensity has the optimum treatment effect on most of the hybrid seeds of small chrysanthemum. The mean germination percentage of hybrid seeds treated by high-voltage electrostatic field was 12.08% higher than that of control; the mean seedling survival rate was 9.52% higher.2. The variations of flower color were increased evidently by treatment of high-voltage electrostatic field. The flower color variation types in the treated and control groups were 85 and 42 respectively, flower variation rate of treated group was 97.67% more than that of control. Flower color variation indexes of different cultivars of small chrysanthemum were all increased but in different levels.3. For the natural hybrid lines treated by high-voltage electrostatic field, their disease resistance was increased, their flowering period was prolonged, and their flower size was more abundant.4. The selection criterion for superior hybrid lines of small chrysanthemum was established according to method of gradually eliminating less-desirable types. 98 plant lines with better variation characteristics were primarily selected from 5677 seedlings of hybrid lines obtained by the natural hybridization. And 16 superior hybrid lines of small chrysanthemum obtained by further selection for a period of one more year,5. The results of tissue culture from tubular corolla of multi-head small chrysanthemum shown that MS medium is the proper medium for micropropagation of small chrysanthemum.更多还原