【作者】 许怡玲；

【导师】 卓丽环； 申国涛；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 杨树烂皮病是分布较广的世界性病害，在我国东北地区尤为严重，防护林中发病率常在30％～40％，病死率也往往达到10％～20％左右。以往在城市树木中发病率较低，随着城市环境的不断恶化及其他生物原因的影响，近几年城市园林树木中发病率有逐渐升高的趋势，可达到40％以上。为控制或减轻杨树烂皮病的发生和蔓延，保证城市绿化树木杨树的健康生长，按现代植物病理学的要求，采用先进的研究手段，对哈尔滨市绿化树种杨树烂皮病进行综合治理技术的研究。 通过对哈尔滨市城市绿化树种杨树的全面调查和研究，在“哈尔滨市主要绿化树种杨树烂皮病的综合治理”论文的主要内容里，确定了杨树烂皮病的病原菌为子囊菌亚门的污黑腐皮壳菌（Valsa sordida Nit），其无性型为半知菌亚门的金黄壳囊孢菌[Cytospora chrysosperma （Pers） Fr.]；杨树烂皮病预测预报的数学模型为： Y=13.95+0.210X₁-0.821X₂+0.003X₃+0.894X₄-8.675X₅-0.149X₆，利用温度、湿度、降雨量等气象数据，应用预测预报的数学模型可以预测30d后的烂皮病的病情指数；根据城市园林的特点，它的目的是对城市进行净化空气和美化环境，材积的损失意义不大，因此，对城市园林绿化树种来讲没有防治指标，有病既需防治；生物防治是当前植物病虫害防治所提倡的手段，本文提出了应用木霉对杨树烂皮病的生物防治，确定了木霉T-168和T-169菌株在防治杨树烂皮病方面具有应用潜力；经过室内药剂筛选和室外防治试验从10种药剂中筛选出3种药剂；可杀得（53.8％干悬浮剂）、甲基硫菌灵（50％可湿性粉剂）、双效灵（10％）有明显的抑菌效果，防治效果达90％以上；防治杨树冻害是杨树烂皮病防治的关键，试验表明杨树冻害发生期为3月下旬～4月上旬，6月上旬冻情开始下降，6月下旬～9月中旬冻情基本稳定，不在发生，9月下旬～11月上旬冻情略有增高，11月下旬之后冻情又处于相对稳定状态。可以看出适量的施用N、P、K肥能提高苗木的径生长，高生长和耐冻度，但是过量施用N肥会影响苗木的木质化程度，降低耐冻度，杀菌剂加保湿粘胶剂效果较好。其次是杀菌剂加高脂膜，它们都比单纯使用杀菌剂或涂白效果好，一方面是起保湿作用，另一方面是起增温作用，这些都有利于冻裂树皮愈伤组织的形成，从而使冻裂逐渐愈合，所以防治效果比较好；结合水肥管理，加强树木的养护与化学防治相结合，以测报和防治指标为依据是杨树烂皮病综合治理重要手段。 本论文提出了城市园林绿化树种烂皮病的综合治理措施，在城市中，为杨树烂皮病的防治提供有价值的配套技术和理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Valsa sordida Nit,the serious cosmopolitan disease, the incidence of which is 30-40% in shelter-forest, and the mortality is 10-20%, is severer in Northeast of China. With the environment worsening and other biological effect in these years, the incidence of this disease is up to 40%.In order to control and decrease the spread of this disease, according to the request of modern plant pathology. Using advanced research instruments, the technique of integrative management was studied.According to the investigation of all, the pathogenic bacteria is Valsa sordida Nit, and the asexual type is Ctyospora chrysosperma .The math model of prediction is Y=13.95+0.210Xi-0.821X2+0.003X3+0.894X4-8.675X5-0.149X6. It can predict the disease index of later 30 days on the basis of some meteorologic data, for example temperature, humidity, rainfall etc. In city garden, whose main function is purifying the air and beautifying the environment, the loss of volume of timber is not too important. We think biological means should be advocated during the preventing and curing plant diseases and insect pests. In this thesis, we put forward using trichoderma to prevent and cure this diseases, the trichoderma strains T168 and T-169 have applicable potential. After the indoor selecting and the outdoor experiment, we obtain three kinds of medicaments from ten:KESADE,JIAJILIUJUNLING and SHUANGXIAOLING, which are effective .The Populus freezing disease is important to this disease. And the Populus freezing diseases often occur during from the last ten-day of March to the first ten days of April, lessen during the first ten days of June, disappear during from the last ten-day of June to the first ten days of September, heighten during from the last ten-day of September to the first ten days of November, and level off after the last ten-day of November. We think the proper fertilization of N,K,P can widen the diameter of plant, heighten the height of plant and improve the hardiness of freezing, but the excessive fertilization of N can influence the woodiness and reduce the the hardiness of freezing. Bactericide adding the mucilage glue can get best effect: it can keep humidity ,on the other hand enhancing the temperature. The second is bactericide adding high fat membrane, and using bactericide or scrawling white alone is not too good. So we should on the basis of prediction and index, considering the fertilization , trying to conserve the trees and doing some chemical cure , implement integrative management.In this paper, we think in city green project this disease should take integrative management, 7which can provide worthy related technique and theoretical basis.更多还原