【作者】 王婉娣；

【导师】 冯炼；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 基于长大公路隧道在火灾安全体系研究方面的迫切需要，本文以秦岭终南山特长公路隧道为对象，采用CFD方法对长大公路隧道纵向式通风控制火灾烟流的问题进行了数值模拟研究。 依据火灾过程中状态参数变化所遵循的基本守恒定律及化学反应定律，建立了隧道火灾烟气流动的三维数学模型，即用连续性方程、动量方程、能量方程及气体组分方程描述气流流动状态，其中湍流模型采用浮力修正的κ-ε模型。以有限体积法为基础，对该模型的控制微分方程进行离散化处理，采用SIMPLE算法进行求解，并将数值计算结果与秦岭终南山特长公路隧道火灾模型试验结果进行比较，验证了本文所建火灾模型的合理性和有效性。在此基础上，将模型运用到了秦岭终南山特长公路隧道的火灾预测研究中。对隧道内的火灾状况进行了稳态和瞬态模拟计算，计算工况不仅考虑通风风速的变化，而且还对沿隧道上坡方向和下坡方向通风的情况进行了模拟分析。 通过对模拟结果的详细深入分析，从中总结出了火灾烟流速度、温度和浓度的分布特征及其随通风条件的变化规律，以及火灾期间隧道内的热传递过程；讨论了隧道坡度对烟流分布的影响；提出了隧道横断面几何构造对隧道内温度分布的影响，对我国的火灾实验研究和隧道断面结构设计给出了建议。针对该隧道防灾设计，建议结构设计中必须加强隧道上部建筑材料的耐火等级，且对安设在顶部的通风设备进行耐火和高温防护；而底部墙角适宜有关设施的布置和埋设。 研究成果表明，所建立的隧道火灾三维模拟模型计算参数较全面，能给出较完整的信息，对于我国进文中研究成果不但为秦岭公路隧道的防灾救灾预案的制定提供直接的理论依据和指导，而且也可作为其他长大隧道火灾安全工程的相关参考。一步开展隧道火灾与通风方面的研究有着重要的实用价值；更多还原

【Abstract】 To meet the urgent need of fire safety system research for the long highway tunnels, this thesis presents numerical simulation of the longitudinal ventilation control on fire smoke flow in Qingling Zhongnanshan King-size Highway Tunnel.Based on the conservation laws and chemical reaction laws a three-dimensional mathematical model of the smoke movement in tunnel fires was established. The model consisted of continuity equations, momentum equations, energy equations and species equations. A k-ε model with buoyancy modification was employed to model turbulent flow.Finite volume method was used to discretize the governing equations and the SIMPLE algorithm was employed to solve the discretized equations.Numerical results coincided well with those of scale model fire experiments of Qingling Zhongnanshan King-size Highway Tunnel, which indicated the proposed fire model was reasonable and valid.The model was then applied to predict fire cases in Qingling Zhongnanshan King-size Highway Tunnel. The steady and unsteady conditions of the fire in this tunnel were simulated. The affects of ventilation velocities, ventilation directions and tunnel slopes on fire smoke flows were investigated.The thesis presented a thorough analysis on fire smoke flows in tunnels and summarized their characters, which included velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, the affects of ventilation conditions on them and the heat transfer process in tunnels during fires. The thesis also discussed the influence of the tunnel slopes on smoke flows.The thesis investigated influence of the tunnel cross section’s geometry on the temperature distributions during fires and put forward proposals on fire experiment research and the tunnel cross section’s construction design.Aiming at this tunnel’s fire safety design, the thesis provided following suggestions: the construction design should enhance the fire-resistant grade of the building material for the upper part of tunnel and provide fire-proof and heat-proof protection for the ventilation equipments at the top; the corner of the ground is suitable for the installation of the relevant equipments.The fire smoke flow model of this thesis can offer comprehensive information hence it can be served as a reference for the further research on the tunnel fire and ventilation in China.The research findings in this thesis provide not only direct guidance for the formulation of the scheme concerning the Qingling Highway Tunnel’s disaster prevention and disaster relief, but also relevant reference for the other long tunnel fire safety projects.更多还原