【作者】 张建平；

【导师】 李政海； 李玉中；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 干旱是小麦生产和获得丰收的主要限制因素，化学节水技术对防旱抗旱具有一定的效果。本文研究的目的在于通过节水抗旱种衣剂在冬小麦不同抗旱性品种间的应用实验，从形态、生理等角度出发，在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上，运用植被生态学、植物生理生态学、农业生态学的研究方法，探讨其对冬小麦抗旱形态及生理指标的影响以及冬小麦不同品种间抗旱能力强弱的表现特征，为高新生物技术在干旱地区农业生产上的推广应用提供科学依据和理论基础。 实验处理方法是对冬小麦种子进行人工包衣(大面积时可采用机械包衣)，而后进行田间和盆栽试验。实验测定指标包括出苗率、生物量和根茎长、产量、光合作用、根系活力以及叶中ABA含量。实验结论如下： 1、节水抗旱种衣剂能提高小麦种子的出苗率，提高的幅度在2-10个百分点，保苗效果好，促使麦苗生长，有利于形成冬前壮苗。 2、节水抗旱种衣剂对幼苗根、茎、叶的生长有促进作用，包衣处理的单株地上部分、地下部分及其鲜重和干重都高于对照。抗旱性强的品种比抗旱性弱的品种有较长的根长和较高的根干重，这种差异可能是由冬小麦品种的不同抗旱能力决定的。 3、节水抗旱种衣剂能使小麦产量构成因素变优，经方差分析，包衣与不包衣间的增产效果达到显著水平。 4、节水抗旱种衣剂能有效提高冬小麦的根系活力，使得作物在干旱条件下能更加充分地吸收和利用有限的水分，抗旱性较强的冬小麦品种能维持较强的根系活力。 5、节水抗早种衣剂能有效降低作物的蒸腾作用，抗旱品种比普通品种有着较低的蒸腾速率和气孔导度。 6、节水抗旱种衣剂处理后的冬小麦叶中ABA的含量明显提高，在越冬期表现的尤为明显，说明包衣能提高冬小麦的防寒御寒能力。抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种累积ABA的能力是不同的，一般而言，抗旱性强的小麦品种比抗旱性弱的品种累积更多的ABA。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drought is one of limited factors for wheat output and good harvest. Chemical water saving technology has positive effect on drought-precaution and drought-resistance. In this paper, on the basis of other researches, we experiment how water saving and drought-resistance seed coating vary among different types of winter wheat and attempt to discuss its effect on morphological or physiological indexes of winter wheat.Method: coating artificially the wheat seeds (or mechanically), then proceeding with field test and pot plant test. Determination indices include the rate of seedling, biomass, root and stem length, output, root vigor, and the ABA contents in the leaves. The results as follows:1. water saving and drought-resistance seed c oating c an heighten the rate of seedling by 2 to 10 percentage.2. water saving and drought-resistance seed coating can promote the growth of root, stalk and leaf of seedling. The wet weight and dry weight of root and shoot of treated types with seed coating are higher than no seed coating types. And the higher drought resistance varieties have longer root length and higher root dry weight, which depend on the ability of drought- resistance.3. water saving and drought-resistance seed coating could optimize wheat output composition. According to variance analysis, both coating seed and no coating seed are different significantly, and the drought variety is more significant.4. water saving and drought-resistance seed coating can enhance the root vigor of winter wheat, absorbing adequately and using limited water under drought condition, the higher drought resistance winter wheat varieties may sustain higher root vigor.5. water saving and drought-resistance seed coating can decrease crop transpiration efficiently. Drought-resistance varieties have lower transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.6. ABA contents in the leaves of winter wheat with seed coating increase significantly, especially during the course of winter. Shows seed coating can enhance drought-precaution and drought-resistance of winter wheat. The higher drought-resistance varieties can accumulate more ABA contents than the lower.更多还原