以均匀度为目标的喷灌工程规划设计计算机辅助设计系统

【作者】 吴小靖；

【导师】 金兆森； 陈平；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 喷灌均匀系数是喷灌系统设计的一项重要技术参数，不均匀的喷灌，不仅会对作物的生长造成一定的影响，而且还会造成水洼，甚至下渗过多而浪费有限的水资源，而均匀系数的大小又与喷灌工程投资密切相关，系统投资随均匀系数的增大而显著增加，在实际工程运用中，要求过高的均匀系数势必会造成能源的浪费和系统成本的提高。由此可见，均匀系数的大小在喷灌工程中对其喷灌质量、投资等方面均有重要影响。 本文主要研究了喷灌均匀系数的计算方法。针对以往实测法的计算结果再现性差的问题，提出了利用单喷头雨量分布资料，运用平面内插原理，根据不同组合间距及布置形式的喷头组合情况，通过叠加计算喷灌均匀系数。喷灌均匀系数由计算得到后，本文又通过其与作物产量、系统投资之间的关系进行讨论，得出喷灌均匀系数当符合规范75％或更低时已能得到很好的土壤含水率均匀系数（90％以上），根据作物产量与土壤含水率均匀系数的关系得出适当降低喷灌均匀系数对作物产量影响不大，却可大大降低系统投资，从投入与产出的角度来说，本文提出建议可适当降低喷灌均匀系数的规范设计值。 在系统开发方面，本文以Microsoft Visual Basic6.0为平台开发了以喷灌均匀度为目标的喷灌工程规划设计计算机辅助设计系统，该系统通过良好的人机对话方式协助用户完成平原地区喷灌工程的规划布置、作物灌溉制度的制定、喷灌均匀系数的计算、管道水力计算、水泵选型、规划成果的输出、效益计算及经济效益分析等工作，基本涵盖了喷灌工程规划设计的全过程。本系统重点开发了喷灌均匀系数计算的子系统，系统在用户输入喷头雨量分布及一些相关资料后，可根据不同组合间距输出相应的喷灌均匀系数，使喷灌均匀系数的计算显得简单、准确，通过对ZY-2型喷头在组合间距为18m时的均匀系数的计算，证明该子系统具有较高的精度，具有较强的实用性。本文最后应用以喷灌均匀度为目标的喷灌工程规划设计计算机辅助设计系统对泗阳县爱园镇的固定式喷灌系统进行了规划扬州大学硕₁:学位论文设计，通过运行证明该系统界面友好、操作简单、成果合理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sprinkler uniformity (CU) is an important technical parameter in the design of sprinkler irrigation. Nonuniform sprinkler irrigation induces that not only the crop growing will be affected, but also the limited water resources will be wasted. On the other hand, engineering investment increase with sprinkler uniformity. In practical application, pursuing the highest uniformity consequentially leads that energy sources will be squandered and engineering cost will increase sharply. Thus it can be seen that the effects of uniformity on sprinkler quality and investment are very important.The calculational methods of the sprinkler uniformity are the mostly investigative target in this paper. Because of the result’s poor reappearance of the experimentation ,a new method is brought forward: sprinkler uniformity can be worked out with the using of the rainfall distribution information, plane interpolation method and superposition principle based on different combined spacing and arrangement form. Discussing the relationship among sprinkler uniformity, crop yield and project investment, this paper includes when sprinkler uniformity equals to 75% or less, the soil moisture content uniformity coefficient (CUs) is still high(95%). The relationship between crop yield and the spatial distribution of soil water content can conclude that the effects of decreasing sprinkler uniformity on crop yield are not remarkably, but engineering investment can fall sharply. So considering investment and output, this paper proposes to minish sprinkler uniformity in selecting design uniformity.With the use of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0, a computer-aided design system of sprinkler irrigation aiming at uniformity is developed in this paper. Provided with a good man-machine conversation mechanism, this system can assist the user to finish the layout of pipe system, the establishment of the irrigation program, the calculation of sprinkler uniformity, the hydraulic calculation of pipe system, the selection of pumpmodels, the output of results, the calculation of benefit and economic analysis, and so on in the planning of sprinkler irrigation in plane area. The subsystem-calculation of sprinkler uniformity is the emphases in this system. It can automatically output sprinkler uniformity correspondent to different combined spacing and arrangement form with the elementary information of the sprinkler. This subsystem is demonstrated to have high accuracy and preferable practicability by the running results of calculating the sprinkler of ZY-2 while combined spacing is 18meter. At the end of the paper, a permanent sprinkler system programming in Aiyuan village, Siyang city is designed using the computer-aided design system of sprinkler irrigation aiming at uniformity, the running results showed that the man-machine interface is friendly, operating is simple, and the initial purposes are achieved effectively.更多还原