【作者】 李长亚；

【导师】 封超年； 郭文善； 朱新开；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 试验于2001～2003年在扬州大学江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室试验场进行，研究播期、密度、施氮量及氮肥运筹比例对饲料大麦新品种六棱扬饲麦1号、二棱扬饲麦3号籽粒产量与品质的形成特性和调控效应，并分析了植株体内的碳、氮代谢与籽粒产量及品质的关系，提出了饲料大麦的优质高产栽培的技术组合。主要结果如下： 1 栽培措施对饲料大麦籽粒产量的影响 播期对于不同品种籽粒产量的调控效应因该品种的冬春性特性而差异显著，本试验中两品种的适宜播期为10月26日；两品种籽粒产量表现为225万／hm~2基本苗的处理为最高，单位面积穗数随基本苗的提高而增加，而穗粒数、粒重则表现明显下降的趋势；氮肥对籽粒产量作用效应与该品种的耐肥性密切相关，在本试验条件下，扬饲麦1号在氮肥运筹比例相同时，施氮量增加产量下降；扬饲麦3号随氮肥用量的提高而产量上升，施氮量相同时氮肥后移产量、穗数、粒重明显提高；扬饲麦1号适宜的产量结构：单位面积穗数＞600万／hm~2，每穗粒数为50粒，千粒重为22g，而扬饲麦3号适宜产量结构为：单位面积穗数800万／hm~2左右、穗粒数25粒，千粒重36g左右。 2 栽培措施对饲料大麦籽粒的蛋白质、赖氨酸、淀粉含量的影响 籽粒中蛋白质含量、蛋白质积累量、积累速率随施氮量的增加与施氮量后移明显提高，适当降低种植密度可以提高籽粒中蛋白质的含量、积累量与积累速率，适期播种可以提高籽粒中蛋白质的含量；提高氮肥的用量、氮肥适当后移可以明显提高籽粒中的赖氨酸含量与积累量，提高种植密度，成熟期籽粒中的赖氨酸含量与籽粒中 竺扬州大学了吹上学位论文赖氨酸的积累量降低;籽粒中淀粉含量随氮肥用量的提高而下降，氮肥运筹比例适当前移可以明显提高籽粒中淀粉含量，提高密度则明显降低淀粉含量，推迟播期籽粒中淀粉含量降低，籽粒中直链淀粉、支链淀粉含量以及直/支比差异显著。 3栽培措施对饲料大麦生长发育过程中糖、氮代谢的影响植株体内含氮率苗期达峰值，随生育进程推移而下降，可溶性糖含量则表现为苗期和花后14天左右含量较高，随施氮量的增加，植株的氮素含量增加、可溶性糖含量与C/N比降低，在整个生育期中，氮肥前重的处理植株中可溶性糖含量均比氮肥后重处理的高，氮肥运筹对植株中C闪比的影响与对可溶性总糖含量的影响基本一致，增加密度，显著提高植株体内的可溶性糖含量及C闪比，植株氮素含量略有降低;植株生育中后期适当高的氮素含量对于饲料大麦籽粒中蛋白质与赖氨酸的形成具有重要的作用，而中后期较高的可溶性总糖的含量及C汹比与淀粉及产量关系密切;当密度和氮肥运筹比例相同时施氮量增加，或密度和施氮量相同时施氮比例后移，或施氮量和氮肥运筹比例相同时提高密度，单位面积群体氮素积累量呈上升的趋势;且成熟期氮积累量与籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量呈显著正相关，与籽粒淀粉含量呈负相关。 4饲料大麦高产优质栽培技术组合在本试验中，六棱大麦扬饲麦1号在密度225万/h mZ，氮肥用量为150 kgN小mZ且运筹比例采用基肥:壮孽肥:拔节肥为5:2:3的技术组合在适期(10月26日)播种条件下，可以获取籽粒优质高产;而二棱大麦扬饲麦3号在密度225万小mZ，氮肥用量为225 kgN/h mZ且运筹比例采用基肥:壮孽肥:拔节肥为3:3:4的技术组合在适期(10月26日)播种条件下可以获得籽粒优质高产。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogen application amount and basal: top dressing N ratio on grain yield and quality in six-rowed feeding barley variety Yangsimai 1 and two-rowed Yangsimai 3 and the relationship between carbon-nitrogen metabolism were studied on the experiment field of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University from 2001-2003. The cultivation approaches for high grain yield and good quality were suggested. The main results were as follows.1 Effects of cultivation measures on grain yield in feeding barley Cultivation measures could significantly affect grain yield of feeding barley. Theeffect of sowing date on grain yield was significantly related to the characteristics of varieties. Sowing on suitable date (on October 26) for two varieties could achieve high grain yield. The treatment with 225 104 plants/ hm2 could result in the highest grain yield for both varieties. Ear number increased with the increase of plant density, but the number of grains per ear and grain weight decreased. The effects of nitrogen on grain yield were related to the difference of the characteristics in fertilizer demand between two varieties. Under the same basal: top dressing nitrogen ratio, the grain yield for Yangsimai 1 decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, while for Yangsimai 3, it increased . Under the same nitrogen application amount, the grain yield, ear number and grain heavy of Yangsimai 3 increased with the rising of top dressing N. The proper grain yield components for Yangsimai 1 was: 600 104 ears/hm2, 50 grains per ear, 22g 1000-grain weight, and for Yangsimai3: 800 104 ears/hm2, 25 grains/ear and 36g 1000-grain weight.2 Effects of cultivation measures on grain protein, lysine and starch content Protein content, protein accumulation amount and protein accumulation rate ingrains increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount and top dressing N ratio or with the proper decrease of plant density. So did lysine content, lysine accumulation amount and lysine accumulation rate. Sowing on suitable date could increase grain protein content. Grain starch content decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount and top dressing N ratio. Increasing plant density and postponing sowing date could decrease grain starch content. Amylose, amylopectin contents and their ratio were significantly different among treatments.3 Effects of cultivation measures on carbon-nitrogen metabolismN content in plants reached its peak at tillering stage, then gradually decreased with growth and development. Total soluble sugar content was high at tillering stage and on the 14th day after anthesis. Decreasing nitrogen application amount or top dressing N ratio or increasing plant density could significantly increase total soluble sugar content and C/N ratio in plants, but decrease N content in plants. Properly high N absorption and accumulation amount was beneficial to the formation of protein and lysine, and high total soluble sugar content and C/N ratio could result in high starch content and grain yield. Nitrogen accumulation amount at maturity was significantly positively correlated with grain protein content, lysine content and grain yield, but negatively correlated with grain starch content.4 Culti vat ion techn iques for high grain yield and good qua I i ty in feeding barley It could be concluded that the treatment of 225 X 104 plants /hm2, 150 kg N /hm2,the proportion of N applied before sowing, at tillering stage and at elongation stage 5:2:3 and sowing on October 26th for six-rowed barley variety Yangsimail could result in high grain yield and good quality, while for two-rowed barley variety Yangsimai 3, 225 X104 plants /hm2, 225kg N /hm2, the proportion of N applied before sowing, at tillering stage and at elongation stage 3:3:4 and sowing on October 26th could result in high grain yield and good quality.更多还原