【作者】 祝丽；

【导师】 黄祖六； 许如根；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 利用5个开颖亲本黄长芒大麦、沪1154、1430R、99-7122、扬0187和2个闭颖亲本91单2、84161为研究对象，探讨了大麦开颖性状的遗传规律，主要结果如下： 1、6个亲本黄长芒大麦、沪1154、91单2、1430R、99-7122、扬0187的完全双列杂交的F₁与双亲比较，大部分组合的角度在中亲值和低亲之间，杂种优势不明显；对这些组合进行配合力分析，发现开颖性状同时受加性效应和非加性效应影响，加性遗传方差比非加性遗传方差更重要。亲本的开颖角度越大，其一般配合力效应越高，5个开颖亲本中，黄长芒大麦的一般配合力最大。 2、根据5个开颖亲本的杂种F₂代开、闭颖植株的分离情况，分析它们之间的等位性，得出黄长芒大麦、沪1154、扬0187均有一对开颖基因是等位的，且此基因的效应是较大的。而1430R和99-7122与其他开颖亲本均存在各自的不等位基因。 3、对完全双列杂交F₁的正反交进行t测验，在11个具有开颖角度的正反交组合中，只有3个组合差异极显著，存在细胞质效应。对F₁正反交均表现为闭颖的四个组合的F₂代进行t测验发现，只有91单2×1430R组合的差异达到极显著水平，这可能与1430R自身的遗传背景有关。 4、根据2个闭颖亲本分别与5个开颖亲本相互杂交F₁的开颖表现，发现后代的表现与双亲自身开颖或闭颖的效应大小直接相关，开颖亲本的开颖效应越大，后代越偏向于开颖特性，闭颖亲本的闭颖效应越大，后代的开颖角度越易减小。 5、对以91单2为亲本之一的4个组合的F₂和回交世代植株开颖角度的分离进行分析，发现它们的开颖性状均是由主基因控制的，同时存在多基因的修饰，闭颖表现为显性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The five glume-opening varieties and two glume-closing varieties wereused to analyze and discuss genetic law of glume-opening character of barley, and the main results were summarized as follows:1. The angles of most F1 combinations from 6 6 complete diallel cross were mainly between ones of middle-parents and low-parents, and the heterosis was not obvious; The combining ability analysis of F1 showed that the glume -opening character of barley was controlled by additive and dominant gene, and mainly by additive gene. General combining ability (GCA) of Huang-chang-mang barley was highest among five glume-opening parents, and the greater the angle, the stronger the GCA.2. The allelism analysis of five glume-opening varieties showed that the glume-opening gene in Huang-chang-mang barley and Hu 1154 and Yang 0187 was allelic each other. But glume-opening gene in 1430R and 99-7122 was non-allelic to other varieties, respectively.3. The three combinations can be examined apparent cytoplasm effect by t-test among 11 F1 reciprocal crosses that can open glume. And only 91-dan-2 1430R reciprocal cross existed apparent cytoplasmic effect among four F2 reciprocal crosses that their F1 were glume -closing, it was suggested that 1430R have special genetic backgrounds .4. The two glume-closing varieties were each mated with five glume-opening varieties and their hybrids’ glume-opening angles investigated, it showed that F1 behavior was completely related to gene effect of parents oneself. The glume-opening effect of parent was greater , hybrid was easier to open glume; and glume -closing effect of parent was greater, hybrid’s angle was easier to reduce .V5. The analysis for angle separation of F2 and backcross populations of four combinations ( 91-dan- 2 as common parent) showed that the glume-opening character was controlled by major gene, and decorated by polygene, glume-closing was dominant to glume-opening.更多还原