【作者】 刘博；

【导师】 陈国宏；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以我国14个地方鸡种(茶花鸡、清远麻鸡、泰和乌骨鸡、仙居鸡、萧山鸡、狼山鸡、鹿苑鸡、河南斗鸡、固始鸡、白耳鸡、大骨鸡、北京油鸡、藏鸡、崇仁麻鸡)为研究对象，检测了8个多态性蛋白质(酶)座位(前白蛋白、运铁蛋白、后运铁蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、酯酶、淀粉酶、血清白蛋白、苹果酸脱氢酶)，对14个地方鸡种地基因型频率、等位基因频率、基因杂合度、平均基因杂合度以及群体间遗传距离进行分析。实验结果表明： 1．本实验所检测的8个蛋白质(酶)座位中有6个座位，前白蛋白(Pa-1)、运铁蛋白(Tf)、后运铁蛋白(Ptf)、碱性磷酸酶(Akp-1)、淀粉酶(Amy-1)和酯酶(Es-1)，表现为多态；另2个座位，血浆后白蛋白(Alb)和苹果酸脱氢酶(Mdh)，表现为单态。 2．14个地方鸡种6个多态座位的平均基因杂合度在0.2008～0.4265之间。其中河南斗鸡的杂合度最低，为0.2008；北京油鸡的杂合度最高，为0.4265。 3．通过对6个多态座位的精确度、可靠性的检验，表明本实验所采用的地方鸡种有较好的代表性，基因频率可靠性较高，当估计值不偏离实际值0.5倍为限，基因频率估计值的可靠性，除几个稀有基因的频率较低外，其余各等位基因的可靠性均在95.45％以上。 4．对14个地方鸡种的4个共显性结构座位，前白蛋白(Pa-1)、运铁蛋白(Tf)、后运铁蛋白(Ptf)和淀粉酶(Amy-1)的x~2检验，发现各鸡种的淀粉酶(Amy-1)极显著的(P＜0.01)偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，其原因有可能是淀粉酶的杂合AB型具有明显的杂合子优势造成的。 5．14个地方鸡种模糊聚类图可分为四类：萧山鸡、河南斗鸡、仙居鸡、狼山鸡、鹿苑鸡、白耳鸡、藏鸡、乌骨鸡和茶花鸡聚为一类；崇仁麻鸡、清远麻鸡和大骨鸡聚为一类；北京油鸡和固始鸡分别自成一类。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, genotype frequencies, allele frequencys, mean heterzygosity and genetic relationship were determined by using 6 protein (Enzyme) polymorphisms among 14 Chinese native chicken breeds. The genetic relationships among 14 Chinese native chicken breeds were obtained at the biochemistry level, the result of this experiment showed as follows:1. Among these 8 loci, there are 6 loci ( Pa-1, Tf, Ptf, Es-1, Amy-1, Akp-1) were polymorphic , the others (Mdh , Alb) were monopolymorphic.2. The heterzygosities of 6 polymorphic loci in 14 Chinese native chicken breeds were 0.2008~0.4256 .The heterzygosity of Henan Game was 0.2008 that was lowest and the heterzygosity of Beijing Fatty Chicken was 0.4256 that was the highest.3. The native chicken breeds as samples in this research were representative by analysis the reliability and precision of 6 polymorphisms loci showed high reliability . Furthermore , hen the relative deviation at 0.5 limitation , the reliability of gene frequency all in above 95.45% , expect few rare genes showed low frequency.4. By x2 testing Pa-1 , Tf, Ptf, Akp-1 , Amy-1 of4 co-dominant structural gene loci in 14 native chicken breeds revealed that Amy-1 in all breeds had greatly (P<0.01) deviance to Hardy-Weinbery equal.5. The 14 Chinese native chicken breeds were clustered into 4 groups. The first group included Xiaoshan chicken , Henan Games, Xianju chicken, Langshan chicken, Luyuan chicken, Baier chicken ,Tibetan chicken, Wugu chicken and Chahua chicken . The second group included Chongren chicken, Qingyuan chicken and Dagu chicken . The third group and fouth group included Beijing fatty chicken and Gushi chicken respectively.更多还原