【作者】 迟燕平；

【导师】 宋述尧；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 试验研究了温室番茄生产中有机肥料的堆腐过程中的理化性状的变化、施入有机肥对设施土壤理化性状和生物性状的效应以及有机肥对番茄的生长发育、产量、品质的影响。主要结果如下： 1．经过高温堆肥处理的有机肥料是绿色蔬菜生产的重要技术措施。有机肥料堆肥过程中，在鸡粪和猪粪中加入秸秆提高了堆肥中有机质的含量，减少了氮素的流失，增加了堆肥全氮和速效氮的含量；同时减低了氨态氮的含量，增加了植物容易利用的硝态氮。对于在鸡粪中秸秆的添加量分别加入鸡粪重量的3％、6％、9％的玉米秸秆，其中以添加6％的玉米秸秆量处理的堆肥养分含量高，堆肥效果最好。 2．对于土壤的物理性状的影响，有机肥施入土壤以后，降低了容重，增加了土壤的总孔隙度，使土壤的通透性增强。鸡粪和秸秆混合施入土壤以后土壤的容重小于单施的处理。腐熟鸡粪添加新鲜玉米秸秆对于土壤物理性状的改善效果优于混腐的鸡粪和秸秆，随着秸秆量的增加土壤的容重逐渐减小，以添加0.8％秸秆量处理土壤的容重最低。 对于土壤化学性质的影响，有机肥施入土壤以后，降低了土壤的EC值，增强了土壤对外界环境的缓冲能力，缓解了土壤的酸化和盐渍化。鸡粪对于土壤的盐渍化的改良效果要优于猪粪，腐熟秸秆与新鲜秸秆的相比较，腐熟秸秆处理的效果优于施用新鲜秸秆处理。对于不同秸秆的加入量，以添加9％玉米秸秆的处理对于土壤盐渍化抑制效果的最好。 对于土壤微生物的影响，有机肥料施入土壤以后增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌和氨化细菌数量，其中细菌和放线菌增加幅度较大，B／P值升高，优化了土壤微生物环境，促进土壤微生物的繁殖和生长，增加了土壤微生物的数量。鸡粪施入土壤以后对于增加土壤微生物的数量，改善土壤的生物性状的效果比猪粪好。腐熟秸秆施入土壤后对于土壤微生物环境的改善效果优于新鲜秸秆。对于不同秸秆的加入量，在鸡粪与秸秆混合施用的三个不同量的处理中，腐熟秸秆添加鸡粪重量9％的处理对于增加土壤微生物的数量效果最好；对于土壤B／P的影响以添加6％秸秆量处理土壤的B／P最高。 4．对于产量的影响，鸡粪和秸秆混合施入土壤以后番茄的产量大于单施的处理，腐熟鸡粪与腐熟秸秆和化肥配施的产量明显高于腐熟鸡粪添加新鲜秸秆与化肥配施处理的产量，其中以腐熟鸡粪添加6％玉米秸秆的产量最高，达13073.06kg／1000m~2，与其他处理和对照差异达极显著水平。腐熟鸡粪与化肥配施处理的产量可达9397.22 吉林农业大学硕士学位论文设施番茄有机肥施用效应研究kg/1000m，，与单施化肥的对照处理的产量差异达显著水平; 5.对于番茄品质的影响，土壤中施入鸡粪和玉米桔秆为蔬菜创造了良好的水、肥、气和微生物环境，使番茄品质改善，可以提高番茄的糖、酸含量和杭坏血酸含量，降低番茄果实硝酸盐的含量，减少硝酸盐在番茄果实内的积累量。鸡粪和桔秆混合施入土壤以后番茄的品质优于单施的处理，混腐的鸡粪和桔秆处理番茄的品质优于腐熟鸡粪添加新鲜玉米桔秆处理，随着桔秆量的增加番茄的品质提高。混腐的鸡粪和桔秆三个处理番茄的糖酸比和维生素C的含量之间的差异未达到显著水平，其中以腐熟鸡粪添加9%腐熟玉米桔秆处理的番茄的糖、酸含量和杭坏血酸含量最高，硝酸盐含量最低。 综上所述，施用混腐的鸡粪和桔秆对于设施土壤的改良和番茄生长发育的效果最优，其中以6%桔秆添加量处理番茄的产量最高，品质优良。更多还原

【Abstract】 The change of c organic manure compost and the effect of organic manure on physical character, chemical character and biological character in soil were studied,and analysised the effect of organic manure on tomato yield and quality .The main results is as follows:1. The organic manure joined with corn straw during composting decreased the decrement of N , increase N, P, K content of compost. after decomposting , the organic matter increase too. The chicken manure joined with 6% corn straw during decomposting is preferable , the nutrient of compost is the highest .Applying organic manure in soil can better physical character, chemical character in soil. The chicken manure , pig manure and corn straw can increase organic matter in soil, decrease volume weight of soil, improve total porosity . Chicken manure joined with0.8% fresh corn straw is the best treatment. The organic manure can bring down the content of EC and PH in soil, and restrain soil salinization and acidation .Chicken manure joined with 6% rotted corn straw is the best treatment.Applying organic manure in soil can increase the amount of bacteria , actinemyces, fungi and ammonifying bacteria. It also can increase B/P in soil , improve the resistivity germ of soil. The result showed chicken manure joined with 9% rotted corn straw and 0.8% fresh corn straw are better treatments.The highest yield of 14359.48 kg1000m-2 is the treatment of chicken manure joined with 6% rotted corn straw. The chicken manure joined with 0.8% fresh corn straw is 13076.37 kg/1000 m-2. Yield of applying chicken manure joined with rotted corn straw treatments are higher than chicken manure joined with fresh corn straw.Organic manure can promote the content soluble sugar and organic acid of tomato , increase T/S of tomato .It also can increase vitamin C of tomato and decrease nitrate content of tomato. Chicken manure joined with 9% rotted corn straw is the best treatment towards improving the quality of tomato.All in all, organic manure played an important role in the production of vegetables.更多还原