【作者】 李晓磊；

【导师】 宋述尧；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对当前人们对蔬菜产品的营养品质和安全性的要求，研究了不同有机肥在绿色食品黄瓜设施生产中的应用效果。利用鸡粪、猪粪、马粪和玉米秸秆等4种有机肥料，采用4种不同施用处理方式，研究了不同有机肥料对大棚土壤培肥效果及对黄瓜生长产量和品质的影响，并采用灰色关联度法对其进行多目标综合评价。旨在解决吉林省设施绿色食品蔬菜设施生产中施肥问题，并为建立绿色食品蔬菜生产中有机肥实用技术体系提供理论和现实依据。试验结果表明： 施用有机肥对黄瓜产量和生物量有明显影响，单独施用猪粪处理显著提高黄瓜茎粗，但过量猪粪处理PP3导致植株生长受阻，产量下降。有机肥与化肥配合处理后，对植株生物量影响显著，尤其地下部分生物量明显高于单独施用有机肥处理，其中CF2处理产量显著提高，产量高达1.112×10~5kg／ha。秸秆处理的植株茎粗生长最优，叶片数量有明显增加，节间缩短，植株长势较好，处理MF1和处理MF2产量在所有处理中表现最佳。 施用猪粪对春茬黄瓜果实品质的综合评价最优，施用猪粪有机肥可以明显提高春茬黄瓜果实的抗坏血酸含量和可溶性糖含量，显著降低了果实中硝酸盐含量。但猪粪处理的秋茬果实品质明显下降，果实中总糖含量显著降低，抗坏血酸含量有所下降。秸秆与化肥配合施用显著降低了果实中硝酸盐含量，对春茬果实中糖含量影响明显，并且显著提高了秋茬果实中糖含量，而且有很强的后效影响。鸡粪与化肥配施后对抗坏血酸含量及总糖含量的改善效果优于单独施用鸡粪处理，随着鸡粪施用量的增加，抗坏血酸含量和总糖含量显著增加，处理CF2对果实品质改善效果表现较佳。 对产量和果实品质的综合评价结果显示，秸秆MF1处理效果表现最佳，处理MCF第三，处理CF2第五，处理PC1效果最差，因此在实际生产中推荐施用秸秆1.0％，同时配合一定量的速效氮肥。 有机肥处理对土壤pH和土壤电导率影响显著。秸秆与化肥混合后，土壤缓冲能力增强，改土效果明显，施肥6个月期间，电导率消长变化较其他处理稳定，在黄瓜生长盛期，土壤肥力能维持一定水平，施肥5个月后有明显的遏制土壤盐分表聚的势头。 施用有机肥能显著提高土壤细茵、放线菌数量和氨化细菌数量，优化土壤微生物区系，提高土壤B／F值，增强黄瓜对土传病害的抗病能力。其中猪粪处理PP2和处理PF2的土壤氨化细菌数量最多，B／F值较大，鸡粪处理的细菌数量增加最多，处理PC3＞处理PC2＞处理PC1；秸秆处理的土壤中放线茵数量显著增加，明显高于其他有机肥处理。吉林农业大学硕士学位论文绿色食品黄瓜生产肥料运筹效应研究 有机肥处理能提高土壤耕层有机质含量及土壤速效养分含量，培肥效果明显。有机肥与化肥配施后，加快土壤的矿化速率，施肥3个月后，土壤有机质含量较单独施用有机肥处理增加明显。秸杆与化肥配施后，钾素的回收率显著提高，土壤速效钾含量以及土壤有机质和土壤速效P含量明显增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, people are more concerned of the nutrition and safety of vegetable produce. This dissertation has a research about the effect of organic manures on the safe food planting of green house cucumber. There are four organic manures with four different measures in this research, such as chicken manure, pig manure, horse manure and corn straw. Studied the impacts of these manures on the cucumber growth, yields and fruit quality, and evaluated whole results with Grey Relativity Analysis theory. In order to solve the problems of green house fertilization, and provide theoretical and realistic basis for the system of organic manure use. Results show:Cucumber marketable yields and its growth were obviously affected by using different manures. The plant stem thick increased prominently with pig manure only, but its plant height and yield reduced with overusing pig manure. The plant growth, especially the root, was affected significantly by using manure and fertilizer, and was better than using manure only. Cucumber yields of treatment CF2 increased distinctly, and cucumber yields was 1.112 x 105kg.ha-1. The plant stem thick increased prominently by using corn straw and the numbers of leaf increased and the way corp was growing better with the increment of corn straw. So corn straw was the best for cucumber yield.Ascorbic acid (Vc) content and soluble sugar was increased mainly by utilizing pig manure, fruit nitrate content was reduced distinctly. But fruit quality with pig manure in autumn was worse than in spring. The impact on fruit quality by using organic manure and fertilizer was better than using manure only. Ascorbic acid and soluble sugar were effectively improved with the increment of chicken manure, and CF2 was better. The fruit nitrate content was the lowest by using corn straw, and fruit soluble sugar in autumn was increased significantly.The optimum results derived from MF1 by using Grey Relativity Analysis on yield and quality characters, thirdly was MCF, and CF2 was the fifth, but PC1 was the worst. Therefore, we can use corn straw 1.0% with some available nitrogen in the production of organic cucumber.The variation of pH and electrical conductivity in soil were steady by using corn straw during six months. And the soil nutrient kept steadily, salinity assembled was kept within limits.The amounts of bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, actinomyces and fungi were increased by using organic manures, the kind of microbial was significantly improved, the ratio of B/F in soil was increased. So capability of plant antidisease was improved distinctly. The amount of ammonifying bacteria was the highest with pig manure, the amount of bacteria was very high with chicken manure and the amount from high to low was: PC3>PC2>PC1. The amount of actinomyces was the highest by using corn straw.Topsoil nutrient was affected distinctly by using organic manures. The ratio of mineralization was improved by using organic manure and fertilizer, and the amount of organic C was higher than using manure only after fertilizing three months. More available potassium in soil was reutilized by using corn straw, and organic C, available phosphorus were increased significantly.Organic manure has an important role in the production of vegetables.更多还原