【作者】 刘丽群；

【导师】 何宁生；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 国际法， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 基因技术是从20世纪50年代开始发展，70年代一些发达国家开始关注由此产生的法律问题，其中有关基因序列的专利保护成为人们争议最多的焦点问题。 基因序列是对现存物质的发现，本不应获得专利法的保护。但是由于专利制度背后受着产业集团利益的驱使，各国在实践中都是淡化发明与发现的区别，更多地关注实用性和创造性等专利性审查的标准，并且在专利审查标准的把握上，各国基于本国产业政策的需要，不同程度地降低实用性和创造性的审查标准、扩大基因专利的保护范围，以期对基因成果给予更多的保护，刺激本国生物技术的发展。 对基因序列给予专利保护也给专利制度带来了许多新的挑战，比如发现能否成为专利权的客体，如何解决对人体基因授予专利所产生的伦理道德问题，人体基因资源的提供者如何分享基因专利所带来的利益，以及发展中国家如何面对技术发达国家的基因资源掠夺等问题。 我国是从20世纪90年代以后开始关注基因技术的法律保护问题。2001年10月新出台的《专利审查指南》对基因序列的专利保护做出了明确的规定，保护的范围和水平与国际社会保持基本一致，这也是中国加入WTO新形势下的必然选择。目前我国所面临的最严峻的问题是如何保护我国丰富的基因资源，这关系到我国生物技术产业乃至经济发展的未来，在这方面《人类遗传资源管理暂行办法》起到了一定的规范作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The gene technique started in the 1950s. In the 70s, some developed countries started to pay attention to the legal problems. The gene sequence patent protection became the key topic of the most contentious problems.In fact, the gene sequence is only the discovery of existing matters; it shouldn’t have acquired the patent protection. However, with the close relationship between the interests of the industrial group and the patent system, all the countries ignored the difference of invent & discovery in practice, instead of paying more attention to the patent control standard for practicability & creativity. As well, on the control of patent examine standard, all the countries lower their standard in varying degrees, and increase the protection range of gene patent to protect more on the gene results. This stimulates the country’s biological technology development.Gene Sequence Patent Protection bring a lot of new challenges to the patent system, such as whether the Discovery can become the object of the Patent; how to solve the moral problems caused by the human body gene patent; how the human body gene providers share the benefits from the gene patent; how the developing countries face the problem of their gene sources plundered by the developed countries, etc.Our country started to realize the gene’s legal protection from 1990s. In Oct. 2001, the newly issued "Patent ControlGuide" clearly defines the patent protection to gene sequence. The protection range and level is almost the same as the international standard. This is also a necessity under the new situation when China joins WTO. Today, the first problem we are facing is how to protect our abundant gene resources. This has a bearing on our country’s biological technique, or even on the future economic development. In this side, the "Temporary Management on Human Body Genetic Resources" plays a certain role on the standardization.Liu Liqun (International Law) Directed by He Ningsheng更多还原