【作者】 秦蓉；

【导师】 陈五岭；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 微生物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 通过单菌及混合菌种发酵试验，确定苹果渣发酵的最佳菌种组合及其最适接种比例和接种量；通过固体发酵试验，确定了苹果渣发酵培养基的最佳氮源及其添加量；采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验确定了最适发酵时间、料水比、发酵厚度和温度；通过上海光明乳业及上海健康奶牛场2次喂养试验验证了发酵产品的实际增奶效果及对奶牛健康状况的影响。 结果表明，采用白地霉+热带假丝酵母+康氏木霉为发酵菌种，加入1.5％的尿素和2％的硫酸铵，并按2：2：1的接种比例、10％的接种量，1：0.8的料水比，发酵厚度30cm，32℃发酵72h，可使产物粗蛋白含量提高到31.2％，粗纤维含量下降到12％。所测的17种氨基酸含量均有较大幅度的提高，其中，蛋氨酸和谷氨酸的提高率达到200％以上。 发酵产物可使奶牛每头每天平均增奶最高达到3.5公斤，奶品乳脂率和乳蛋白率上升，且奶牛体细胞数和乳腺炎发病率下降，对奶牛健康状况有较好的促进作用。 本工艺生产过程中无废水、废渣的排出，从根本上解决了果渣对环境的污染，为畜牧业发展提供了新型蛋白饲料来源，给企业及果农带来了较好的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 The suitable inoculation proportion and strain combination for fermentation of apple pomace were obtained by single strain and mixed strain combination experiment; the optimum nitrogen source and its inoculation ratio of the culturing medium for apple pomace fermentation were obtained by solid-state fermentation experiment; the suitable cultivate time, the ratio of material to water, the thickness of medium and the fermentation temperature were obtained by perpendicular orthogonal L9(34) test; the influence of milk producing ability and health conditions of the dairy cattle fed by fermented apple poamce were testified by 2-time feeding experiment.Results show that when the fermentation strain ratio of Geotrichum candidum, Candida tropicalis, and Trichodermn Konihgii is 2: 2: 1, and the inoculation is about 10%, Ureal.5%, Ammonium sulfate2%, material to water ratio 1: 0.8, the thickness of medium 30cm, tempreture32C, cultivate time 72h, the content of raw protein in the fermented apple pomace was increased to 31.2%, in which, the 17 amino acids were remarkably increased ; the content of raw cellulose was reduced to 12%, methionine and glutamic acid were increased to 200%.The fermented apple pomace can make each dairy cattle produce more milk by 3.5 kg/day, meanwhile milk fat and milk protein were increased , the somatic cell count and the disease rate of bovine mastitis were decreased. The fermented apple can help improve the dairy cattle’s health conditions.There is no discharging of the waste water and residues in the production, which basically solves the problem of environmental pollution of apple pomace, provides new source of feeding protein for stock raising, and bring the significant profits for the enterprises and fruit farmers.更多还原