后冷战时代沙特阿拉伯与美国的关系

【作者】 刘辉；

【导师】 王铁铮；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 世界史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战前，沙特阿拉伯和美国的关系已经具有政治和经济双重意义。冷战期间，沙特阿拉伯丰富的石油储量、濒临波斯湾和红海的战略地位，成为她和美国结成“相对稳定的战略合作关系”的基础。沙特自身的安全困境也使其向美国靠拢。双方共同遏制苏联共产主义势力的渗透，反对阿拉伯激进势力的扩张，同时在政治、军事、经济、文化等领域展开广泛的合作。但巴勒斯坦问题往往为两国关系带来不谐之音。20世纪80年代末90年代初，世界局势发生重大变化，两极格局解体，苏联不复存在，美国成为全球唯一超级大国。过去两极格局下掩盖的各种矛盾浮出水面。海湾危机即是一例。海湾战争确定了美国在中东的主导地位，借此，美国在海湾地区构建了以自己为主导的安全体系，沙特阿拉伯成为其中的重要一环。后冷战时代，沙特允许美国在其领土上驻军，依靠美国的军事保护维护国家主权、领土完整和家族统治，抵制邻国侵犯，双方形成了一种“战略盟友关系”。在该框架内，双方在政治、军事、安全、经济等领域继续加强合作。特别是双方的合作对打击恐怖主义尤为重要。不过，巴勒斯坦问题和伊斯兰原教旨主义者的活动使两国关系受损。尤其是在恐怖主义、极端主义、民族分裂主义成为世界各国非对称性威胁以后，沙特国内的保守势力对沙美关系的种种不满而发动的一系列反美仇美活动，不仅使沙特王室面临着巨大的压力，也成为沙美关系的绊脚石。2001年的9·11事件和2003年4月的伊拉克战争使沙美关系备受波折。不过，沙美关系至今已经有70多年的历史。沙特选择与一个意识形态完全不同的国家结盟，从国际关系理论的角度来看，是务实外交理论的运用；同时，也体现了国际关系中的相互依存。意识形态的不同不可避免的带来文明冲突，然而从文明交往的角度来看，则是彼此相互学习，相互理解，相互交流的必由之路，最终将带来文明的融合。从长远看来，沙美关系也将如此。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before the cold war, Saudi-American relations had had the dual meanings of politics and economics. During the Cold War, the relatively stable strategic cooperation relationship between Saudi Arabia and the United States was based on the former’ s abundant oil reserves, the strategic position of bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, and Saudi safety predicament also made it stand with the United States. Both of them contained the permeation of soviet communism, combated together the expansion of Arabian radical influence .At the same time, Saudi Arabia cooperated with the United States politically, militarily, economically and etc. However,Palestinian problem always became the discord between the two states’relations.At the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s,the world situation changed greatly. The two polar patterns broke up, the Soviet Union disintegrated, and the United States has become the global only superpower. Therefore, different contradictions previously concealed under two polar patterns surfaced. A case in point was the Gulf War, which established the U.S.leading position in the Middle East. Through this, a safe system lead by the U.S. has been established, Saudi Arabia has become an important link of it. During the post Cold War times, Saudi Arabia permitted the U.S.to station troops in her territory, relies on American to defend her state sovereignty, territory integrity and family rule, and to resist neighbor countries’ invasion .By this way, they has formed a strategic alliance relationship. They continue to cooperate in political, military, security ,economic areas and so on. In particular, their corporations are very important for attacking the terrorism. But,Palestinian problem and the behaviors of Islamic fundamentalism do damage this kind of relations. Especially after terrorism, extremism and national secessionisms have become the non-symmetrical enemies of world countries; the conservative powers that have disagreed the Saudi-American ties have launched a series of anti-American acts. These acts not only bring great pressure to Saudi family, also obstacles to the Saudi-American ties. Sept 11 incident in 2001 and the Iraq war in 2003 have damaged this relationship. Yet, Saudi-American relations has lasted more than seventy years. Saudi Arabia has chosen to form an alliance with America whose ideology is completely different from its. This is the appliance of theory of practical diplomacy ,from the point of international relation theory, at the same time , it reflects the interdependence ininternational relations. The difference in ideology inevitably causes the civilization conflict. But from the point of the exchange of civilizations, it is a necessary way of learning, understanding and communicating each other. At last, it will bring about the fusion of civilizations. In the long run, Saudi -America relations can not be excluded.更多还原