区域开发环境影响评价研究——以关中地区“一线两带”建设为例

【作者】 岳利萍；

【导师】 曹明明；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 区域开发建设已成为我国现阶段实施区域社会经济可持续发展战略的重要方式，通过大范围土地资源的成片开发利用，使区域内的经济结构及产业的空间布局得到了改善，区域内的经济实力也因此而得到提高。在此进程中，由于人类开发活动的不确定性和复杂性，对区域环境的扰动性也逐步加强，由此所产生的生态环境问题也越来越突出。关中地区作为陕西省乃至整个西部地区经济发展的重点区域，“一线两带”建设既是其经济腾飞的契机，也是陕西省实现其建设西部经济强省战略目标的重大举措。而“一线两带”建设在人口、产业、城市化以及资源利用、环境影响等方面所引起的变化，必将对该区域生态环境以及人居环境产生深刻的影响。因此，在区域性的开发建设中，仅靠单要素、单项目的环境影响评价不能全面识别区域开发的环境影响，也难以给出科学合理的环境保护对策，因而也就难以保证整个区域可持续发展目标的实现。所以，对此区域开展“一线两带”建设进程中的环境影响评价具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。 论文在对区域开发行为环境影响评价的理论基础、基本原则、评价内容、评价方法以及技术路线等理论问题研究的基础上，从关中地区面临的主要生态环境问题出发，依据对本区域环境质量现状的分析，以区域环境承载力理论为基础，设计出了计量区域环境承载力的模型和评价方法；以此为基础，对该地区的生态系统满意度进行了研究，并预测了2005年和2010年关中地区主要污染物的排放量和排放趋势(包括工业废气排放量、二氧化硫排放量、工业废水排放量、工业废水达标排放量、工业固体废弃物产生量和城市生活垃圾产生量)。因此，论文从区域的、全局的角度出发，探索关中地区“一线两带”建设进程中，环境影响的类别、性质、规模与强度等问题，最后给出了整个关中地区以自然资源合理利用、污染物总量控制、生态建设以及生产力合理布局为主的，协调区域经济发展与环境保护之间关系的对策与措施。本文的主要研究成果有： (1)针对关中地区的自然——社会——经济复合系统的现状，依据环境承载力概念的内涵与外延，提出了区域综合环境承载力相对剩余率的概念和计量公式，并测算了关中地区五市的综合环境承载力相对剩余率。 (2)基于可持续发展的思想，以人为本，应用生态系统满意度指标对关中区域复合生态系统的发展状况进行了分析与评价。 (3)根据关中地区污染物排放的历史和现状，建立了主要污染物排放量的时序模型，应用SPSS软件，预测了关中地区2005和2010年的主要污染物的排放量。 (4)依据上述结论，提出了关中地区“一线两带”建设进程中环境保护综合对策和区域空间开发对策，指出提高该区可持续发展能力的关键在于，在加强环境综合整治的同时，合理规划布局生产力和不断调整产业结构，对区域进行逐级有序的开发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional exploitation and construction has been an important mode, which we carry into execution to realize the sustainable development of regional society and economy. Through exploiting lands on a large scale, we enhance and improve the regional economic configuration and structure as well as the overall arrangement of the industrial dimension. So that the regional economic strength has also been enhanced. However, during this course, due to the uncertainty and complexity of our exploiting acts, we are boosting the disorder of regional environment and make the ecological environmental problem become more and more outstanding. Guanzhong area as the important region in Shaanxi province especially in the hole west, the construction of the "one string and two belts " is not only the turning point of the development of the economy, but also the fatal act which will help Shaanxi province to realize the aim of building itself the economic strong province in the west. But the changes of population, industry, urbanization, the utilization of resources and environmental impact etc in one string and two belts will influence the regional ecological and living environment greatly. During the regional construction and exploitation, EIA of single project can’t recognize the environmental problems fully and adopt reasonable actions against it, so it also hardly guarantees the sustainable aim of the whole region. Therefore the REIA of this region not only have the important scientific signification but also have the applied value.Based on the academic study of the radical tenet, estimate tenet, estimate means as well as technically route etc. of the REIA, from the point of the ecological environmental problems in Guanzhong area, by analyzing of the actuality of regional environmental quality, based on the theory of Regional Environmental Bearing Capacity (REBC), the thesis works out the models of computation and assessment of REBC, at the same time, the thesis evaluates the Ecological Satisfaction Degree and forecasts the let-out quantity and tendency of main pollution in Guanzhong area of 2005 and 2010,including the let-out quantity of industrial exhaust gas, sulfur dioxide, industrial waste water, uping to scratch of the industrial waste water, industrial solid castoff and living garbage. Wherefore, from the point of view of region and omnidirection, the thesis studies the sorts, characters, dimensions and the intensities etc. of the environmental infection during the construction of the "one string and two belts". At last the thesis puts foreword the countermeasures and measures in the whole Guanzhong area which lay particular stress on the rational utilizing of naturalresources, the quantity control of contaminations, the construction of environment as well as the rational overall arrangement of productivity, and aimed at harmonizing the relationships between the development of regional economy and the protection of environment. Through these studies, we get the following:(a)Aiming at the actual situation of the multiple system of nature, society and economy in Guanzhong area, based on the connotation and extension of Environmental Bearing Capacity, the connotation of regional environmental relative remainder rate and methods of computation are put forward in the thesis, then we get the environmental relative remainder rate of EBC in Guanzhong area;(b)Based on the meaning of Sustainable Development, from the point of view of human-oriented idea, Ecological Satisfaction Degree is applied to measure the developing condition of the regional ecological system in Guanzhong area;(c)According to the present and historical situation of pollution in Guanzhong area, the thesis not only sets up the temporal serial models of the main contamination, but also forecasts the let-out quantity of main pollution in 2005 and 2010 and checks up the relativity;(d)Based on the above conclusions, the countermeasures of environmental protection and regional space exploitation are put forward; It is also pointed out that the key points of更多还原