【作者】 刘爱利；

【导师】 汤国安；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国1∶100万比例尺数字高程模型，是在我国1∶5万及1∶10万基本比例尺地形图上，高精度读取方里网交点高程所构建的1公里栅格分辨率地面高程数字矩阵。对于该种DEM在地学研究中的实用性与适用性，一直是GIS界广为关注的问题。本文以此数据为基础，研究其在我国基本地形要素提取、区域地形、地貌特征分析、宏观地貌类型的自动划分等方面的应用。研究结果证明，由于该种DEM具有相当高的地面高程采样精度，所提取的全国尺度的地形起伏度、地表切割度、地表粗糙度、高程变异系数能从不同侧面有效地反映我国地形的宏观起伏特征与变异特征；实验确定了我国地形起伏度、地表切割深度的最佳统计区域为42.25km~2，为进一步进行地貌类型自动划分与分析提供了重要的依据；本研究将1∶100万DEM提取的单个地形因子置于不同的信息层面中，运用遥感影像分类的原理与方法实现对我国地貌基本形态类型的自动划分。实验结果显示，该方法由于在分类中综合了多种地形指标特征，并避免了一般DEM地形地貌分类技术上的缺点，对完善DEM数字地形分析的理论与方法具有重要的意义与应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 China new produced 1 : 1,000,000 DEM is a digital elevation matrix with one thousand meters resolution. Its main special characteristic is that it is built by extracting elevations at the kilometer grid intersections of the 1 : 50,000 and 1 : 100,000 topographical maps. However, practicalities and explicabilities of the data in earth science are always a perplexing problem in GIS application. This paper puts stress on the applications of the DEM through extracting basal terrain factors, analyzing area terrain features and classifying fundamental types of geomorphologic form in China automatically. For the DEM possessing high sampling accuracy, the geomorphologic characteristic of whole China could be well represented by four factors obtained from the DEM in macro-space, these are Relief Amplitude, the Earth’s Surface Incision, Variance Coefficient in Elevation and Roughness. In addition, it has been proved through a series of statistical analyses that in China the best statistical unit for measuring Relief Amplitude and the Earth’s Surface Incision is 42.25 km2. This result provides important basis in further analysis and the classification of fundamental geomorphologic types. In addition, the theories and methodologies of image classification of remote sensing are applied to the classification of geomorphologic types by putting single relief factor in different channels. Experimental results show this improved new method could avoid general technical defects from local neighbor based classifications. This research shows a splendid significance and applied foreground in consummating the theory and methodology of DEM based digital terrain analysis.更多还原