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刑法伦理化
【作者】 付东年;
【导师】 李健;
【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 , 法律, 2004, 硕士
【摘要】 刑法伦理化立足于人性,体现了正义的伦理理念精神,是理想的法治。刑法伦理化是世界刑法发展的趋势,现代刑法应是建立于情义和人性基础之上的“良法”。针对我国现行刑法在伦理品性方面的欠缺,作者选择《刑法伦理化》这一课题作一些初步探索,以换起我国刑法立法在高举罪刑法定主义大旗的同时,兼顾伦理正义。本文共分七个部分,约三万五千字。 第一部分 伦理与法的辨证关系。该部分首先探讨了法与伦理的关系,通过伦理的界定(作者在本文中采用伦理与道德相同说),论述了法律是最低限度的伦理,是伦理实现的保障;伦理是法律的基本来源和重要补充,伦理的价值观念以及规则直接影响法律。法与伦理虽然有密切联系,但毕竟属于两类社会规范体系,二者在价值层次、产生的社会条件、规范的调整范围、表现形式以及强制程度等方面存在着明显的区别。该部分进而指出没有法律可以有伦理,但没有伦理就不会有法律,伦理在逻辑上优先于法律。同时,法与伦理的关系并非一成不变,而是随着历史的发展、社会的进步,二者会发生相互转化与渗透。 第二部分 刑法伦理化的本源。作者对中国古代刑法伦理化的历史渊源进行了考察,分析了刑法伦理化具有深厚的社会基础,指出:长期占统治地位的自然经济结构是刑法伦理化产生的社会经济基础,宗法等级特权具有的深厚土壤和悠久历史是刑法伦理化产生的社会原因,中国传统的伦理文化思想为刑法伦理化提供了牢固的理论基础。同时刑法规则的确定有着浓情的人性基础,刑法伦理化包含了对传统人伦道德观念的考虑和弘扬,正是对历史文化的扬弃,是一种科学的精神,这也是社会走向法治的必然要求。 第三部分 伦理刑法化与刑法伦理化。作者比较分析了刑法与伦理互动的两种现象:伦理刑法化与刑法伦理化。伦理刑法化主要侧重于立法过程,是从伦理到刑法的演进;而刑法伦理化则侧重于守法过程,是人类追求的理想法治,刑法伦理化的发展方向是法治的真谛。 第四部分 刑法伦理化与罪刑法定原则的内在冲突与制衡。该部分浅析了罪刑法定原则的价值蕴涵,它以保护个人自由为价值取向,体现的是刑法对人权的有力保障,刑法的人权保障机能是通过对立法权与司法权的限制来实现的,同时指出罪刑法定原则追求的是形式合理性,是一般正义的体现;刑法伦理化追求的是实质合理性,是个别正义的体现,刑法伦理化与罪刑法定原则必然存在形式合理性与实质合理性、一般正义与个别正义的内在冲突。刑法立法可以在设立一般规范的同时,再设立一些特殊规范,旨在使一般正义与个别正义相结合与相协调。在行为人不可能实施其他合法行为,只能实施违法行为时,不追究其刑事责任,就可以相对制衡刑法伦理化与罪刑法定原则的矛盾冲突。 第五部分刑法伦理化与当今刑法改革趋势的暗合。非犯罪化和非刑罚化是当代世界刑法改革的两大主题,是作为现代刑法基本刑事政策的刑法谦抑性原则的直接要求。而刑法伦理化既体现了刑法的人道主义观念,有利于社会家庭的稳定和对犯罪人的改造,又避免了某些刑法制度的虚置,减少了国家有限司法资源的投入,完全符合刑法谦抑性原则的要求,刑法伦理化与当今开」法改革的趋势形成了暗合。 第六部分刑法伦理化与“见危不救”罪。受立法伦理主义的影响,欧美一些资本主义国家正在进行伦理刑法化,“见危不救”罪的立法正是伦理刑法化的具体表现。作者从我国国情出发,从法理和现代刑法的价值取向的角度对该罪立法的主张进行了批驳。 第七部分刑法伦理化与“亲亲相隐”制度。“亲亲相隐”制度是伦理在刑法上的反映,是刑法伦理化的外在表现形式。该部分通过对“亲亲相隐”制度的历史演变和该制度在西方国家的发展.情况的考察,分析了“亲亲相隐”制度的价值合理胜,对我国现行刑法规定的窝藏、包庇罪的相关缺陷进行了反思。作者认为,该规定违背人的情感,背离人类普遍的正义观念,不利于人权保障观念的加强,并且会导致有限司法资源的极大浪费,与法治精神相违背。最后就刑法伦理化制度的现代化一一我国容隐权制度之构建提出了自己的设想行使容隐权的亲属的范围。在刑法总则部分规定厅加吏容隐权的目的和可以,在刑法分则中规定允许行使容隐权的犯罪类型范围,在立法技术方面可以考虑采用电书”的形式。针对我国现行刑法第310条规定的窝藏、包庇罪的合理立法应从量刑方面予以考虑,可以作为法定从轻的情节,对享有容隐权的窝藏、包庇者的刑事责任予以免除或戚卦一孩样就可以相对合理地解决罪刑法定原则与刑法伦理化的内在冲突。
【Abstract】 Criminal law ethicization is based on humanity and stands for spirits of just ethnical ideas. It -is ideal government by law. Criminal law ethicization is the tendency of criminal law development. Modern criminal law should be based on feelings and humanity. Point to the moral shortcoming in criminal law in our country, the author argue for the problem of "Criminal Law Ethicization" to maintain the doctrine of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime and ethical justice. The article is divided into seven parts with total words of 37, ooo or so.The first part discusses the relationship of law and morals. On one hand, law is moral limitation at lowest; on the other hand, morals is the basic source of law. Morals is prior to law in logic. With the development of society, law and morals can be transformed into each other.The second part reviews the ancient history of criminal law in china and its social basis and humanity. Criminal law ethicization is an inevitable request, which involves the thought of ancient moral.The third part analyses two phenomenon comparatively: morals criminalation and criminal law ethicization. Morals criminalation is emphasized on legislation and criminal law ethicization on law-abidingness. The developed tendency of criminal law ethicization is the request of legal state.The forth part discusses that the value of principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime secured human rights to protect the personal freedom. The author analyzes the internal interference between criminal law ethicization and principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime and introduces its solution.The fifth part reviews that both non-penalization andnon-incrimination are two essential themes in the mainstream of reforming the criminal law in the modern world. Criminal law ethicization stands for both thought of humanitarianismand avoiding establishment for some rules of criminal law. Criminal law ethicization is accordance with the progressive tendency in criminal law.The sixth part analyses the distinction relatively between criminal law ethicization and "looking on unconcerned to others danger". With the effect of ethical legislation, some capitalist countries are establishing the rules of "looking on unconcerned to others danger", but it unfits for our country.In the seventh part, the author comes to the conclusion. He thinks that the principle of the "concealment between relatives" is external form of criminal law ethicization. He affirms the necessity to establish the right of concealment though comparing with foreign similar system and analyzing the value of the "concealment between relatives". In the end, he put forward his own imagine on the developing tendency of the "concealment between relatives" in modernization of criminal law.
- 【网络出版投稿人】 西南政法大学 【网络出版年期】2004年 04期
- 【分类号】D914
- 【被引频次】4
- 【下载频次】534