危化品安全管理与伤害事故后果分析系统的设计

【作者】 袁利伟；

【导师】 陈玉明；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 危险化学品是事故的多发领域。随着我国国民经济的快速发展，石油化学工业愈来愈成为国民经济的支柱产业，化学品与人民生活的关系越来越密切，危险化学品的安全问题将更加突出。开发危化品安全管理系统和事故后果分析系统是当前迫切的重大课题之一。 本文对危化品的性质及其所造成的危害性进行了分析，阐述了当前危化品安全管理的技术手段，对于危化品造成的事故特征和影响危险化学品危险性的主要因素进行了详细的分析。通过对化工和石油化工行业中发生的化工典型事故案例的剖析，归纳总结了火灾、爆炸、中毒灾害事故的事故类型和事故致因模式，建立了事故伤害数学模型，为实现计算机辅助管理提供了理论依据。 本文在系统工程和软件工程的思想和方法的指导下，采用较通用的计算机程序设计语言DELPHI、标准化的结构查询语言SQL、基于DELPHI的DataBase Desktop数据库开发平台、基于地图信息的ActiveX可视化组件MapObject等软件和工具来开发该系统。针对危化品的管理，本文运用数据库技术建立了危化品特性数据库、危化品防火灭火信息表、重大化工事故案例数据库和化工安全法律／法规文件信息数据库。采用DELPHI计算机程序语言，开发设计了伤害事故后果分析系统，利用有关的数学模型，对生产过程或有关危险场所可能发生的火灾、爆炸和有毒有害物质泄漏事故及危害进行数值模拟计算。 最后，通过实例分析得到了较满意的结果。表明该系统能够有效地辅助化工安全管理和灾害防治模拟预测工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hazardous chemical substance is one of the most reasons, which causes typical accidents. With the rapid development of national economy, petro-chemical industry has become mainstay industry than any more. Chemical substance has more relation with the living of people, but the safety problem caused by hazardous chemical substance has become more outstanding. At present, developing the safety management and consequence of accidents analysis system of hazard chemical substance is one of the main projects.In this paper, the author analyzed the character of hazard chemical substance and the disasters, expounded the technology and method of safety management and register management system, and explained the character of accidents and the main causes. This paper focuses on the model of disaster accidents in typical chemical process, such as explosion, fire and poisoned disaster. Kind, cause model and disaster mode of accidents caused by hazardous chemical substance have been put forward by analysis, sum-up and abstract of typical disaster accident cases in chemical and petro-chemical process. It also built the Math models of disaster accidents, and provided theory for realizing computer auxiliary management.Under the directed of system engineering and software engineering, this paper adopts DELPHI, SQL, database desktop based on DELPHI and MapObject based on Geography information ActiveX. In the part of management about hazardous chemical substance, we built character database, fire prevention and put out a fire database, major chemical disaster accidents cases database and law/regulations database. Using DELPHI, we designed the disaster accident consequence analysis system. It can simulate the process of explosion, fire and poisonous gas spread by using some relative math models.Finally, we can attain a good result by applying a real case. The result indicates that this system is available to aid chemical safety management and guard against disasters.更多还原