粉煤灰质磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷制备工艺研究

【作者】 周新涛；

【导师】 张召述；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 粉煤灰是火力发电厂排放的工业固体废弃物。目前，世界上每年排灰约15亿吨。如果得不到及时有效地处理和利用，将会占用大量土地与良田，严重污染环境，影响气候，破坏生态。所以粉煤灰的综合利用已经成为世界各国共同关注的问题。 本文综合考虑了诸如粉煤灰烧结砖、粉煤灰加气混凝土、粉煤灰泡沫玻璃这些传统的粉煤灰利用技术，取其所长，弃其所短，开发了一种粉煤灰综合利用的新技术——粉煤灰质磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷。 粉煤灰质磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷的研究经历了两个过程：第一步，研究了粉煤灰质磷酸盐陶瓷的制备技术。考察了磷酸用量、助熔剂用量、烧结工艺(包括烧结温度、保温时间、升温速度及降温速度)等因素对材料性能的影响，并系统地考察了这些因素的相互关联性，获得了制各本体材料的优化方案。第二步，在本体材料的基础上通过添加适当种类和数量的发泡剂，对材料进行泡沫化处理，通过多因素的关联性试验，获得了制备泡沫材料的优化方案。最后，对材料的力学性能(抗折强度、抗压强度)、物理性能(密度、吸水率、收缩率、导热系数)、微观结构进行了综合分析。 研究结果表明：当采用磷酸5％(体积百分比)，废砂7％，助熔剂(A)2％，烧结温度1050℃，保温1h的工艺方案可以制备出性能较优的磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷，其性能为：密度0.902g／cm~3，抗折强度2.1Mpa，抗压强度9.875Mpa，导热系数0.05W／m．K。 用粉煤灰制备磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷不仅为粉煤灰的综合利用开辟了一条新的技术路线，而且所制备的磷酸盐泡沫陶瓷可以广泛应用于冶金、化工、节能、建筑等领域，具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal Ash is one kind of industry solid waste sent off by power plants. Presently about 1. 5 trillion tons of Coal Ash is disposed annually in the world. If it isn’ t processed timely and effectively, it will occupy large amount of land and infield, heavily pollute the environment, have a great influence on the climates and damage the balance of ecosystem. So large-scale reclamation of fly ash has been the focus of the world.On the basis of such traditional technology about utilization of fly ash as sinter brick, concrete full of bubble and porous glass etc, by drawing their good qualities and abandoning their weakness, one kind of new technology about fly ash reclamation named foam ceramics of phosphate made from coal ash, was developed.This study was developed through two steps: First, to develop the solid ceramics of phosphate. Such factors as the amount of phosphoric acid and meltable additives and the agglomeration crafts including the highest temperature, the time of heat preservation at the temperature, and the velocity of temperature rising and falling were individually researched. Moreover, the relationship of them was systematically studied. Thus, the optimal craft was gained. Secondly, to develop the foam ceramics of phosphate by appending appropriate kind and amount of foaming agent on the basis of the solid one. By orthonormal experiment the best craft of foam ceramics was gained. Finally, the material was analysed in the view of mechanical property including bending and tension strength, physical property including density, water assimilating percentage, shrinkage percentage and thermal conductivity and microstructure.It was shown that the best parameters was phosphoric acid 5%(volume amount), waste sand 7%, Meltable additive (A) 2%, the temperature 1050*C and the time of preservation Ih. The properties of the final material was the density:0. 902g/cm3, bending-strength:2. IMpa, tension-strength:9. 875Mpa, thermal conductivity 0. 05W/m k.To prepare the foaming ceramics of phosphate made from the coal ash, not only open up a new technological road of fly ash utilizing, but alsothe product could be widely used in the field of metallic, chemical engineering , energy saving engineering and building etc. So it can bring better economic and social benefits.更多还原