【作者】 刘永清；

【导师】 黄呈伟；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 结构工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 这些年来，随着体育事业和航空事业的飞速发展，人们需求更大的体育场馆和飞机场，这也促使空间结构向着跨度更大、更经济、结构形式更美观和合理的新型结构方向发展，张拉整体结构就是在这种趋势下发展起来的一种效率极高的结构体系，是目前国际上正在研究和推广并在实际工程中得到应用的一种新型结构体系，代表着当今大跨度空间结构发展的主流方向。张拉整体结构一经问世便得到了许多国家建筑师和结构研究人员的青睐，张拉整体结构体系的理论研究和工程实践在美国、法国、日本、韩国、墨西哥、以色列以及台湾等国和地区有了很大的发展。国内对张拉整体结构的研究和探索始于上个世纪90年代，但还仅停留在对张拉整体结构计算和方法的研究阶段，对张拉整体结构的动力特性、地震反应以及风振反应等方面的研究目前还很少，而且工程应用也尚属空白。因此，本文的工作可以说是在摸索中前进的。 在阅读了大量国内外相关文献资料及国内有关张拉整体结构研究的硕博学位论文的基础上，本文首先回顾并系统总结了张拉整体结构体系的发展历史、国内外研究现状及其在工程实践中的应用情况。概括了张拉整体结构体系的概念、形态及其结构特点和优点，从而完成张拉整体结构的概念性研究。介绍了张拉整体结构的几何非线性增量形式平衡方程及有限元基本方程，推导了两节点索单元的刚度矩阵，介绍了索单元与杆单元的区别和非线性方程组求法的选用以及收敛原则。 其次，依据张拉整体结构体系的思想，本文详细介绍了张拉式环形内挑顶蓬这一新型结构的构成形式及其结构特性。选用ANSYS分析软件对顶蓬结构进行预张拉状态和工作态的静动性能分析与计算，研究了顶蓬结构在竖向荷载作用下的内力、位移力流方向等静力特性以及顶蓬这一新型结构的各构件在不同竖向荷载作用下的内力分布和节点位移情况。研究了空间几何形状、压杆高度、初始预应力、竖向荷载作用等不同参数对顶蓬结构静力特性的影响，并分析顶蓬结构各构件的内力和节点位移在不同参数下的变化情况。 接着，本文采用结构动力学理论以及子空间迭代法对顶蓬结构进行自振特性的有限元分析，弄清顶蓬结构各阶频率及对应的振型以及结构各向刚度分布的情况，掌握了顶蓬结构的基本自振特性。研究初始预应力、体系质量、索截面面积、矢跨比等不同参数对顶蓬结构自振特性的影响，分析了顶蓬结构的频率和对应的振型在不同参数下的变化情况以及其质量和刚度是否匹配的问题。 然后，本文利用空间多维地震振型分解反应谱法研究了顶蓬结构在常遇地震下的抗震性能问题，分析了顶蓬结构各构件的动内力分布规律。讨论和分析振型组合数、地震维数、昆明理工大学硕士学位论文摘要刘永清索截面面积、体系质量、初始预应力等对顶蓬结构动内力的影响以及结构的动内力和动位移在不同参数下的变化情况。同时还对振型组合方法进行了比较分析，对其合理性进行探讨。对张拉式环形内挑顶蓬这一新型结构体系在地震作用下的受力性能作了较深入的研究，从而得出一些有益于结构设计的结论。 最后，在对张拉式环形内挑顶蓬结构进行系统研究和分析的基础上，对这一新型张拉整体结构的静动性能作出了评定，并对全文的研究工作进行了总结，对需要改进之处以及今后须进一步开展的研究工作提出了建议。希望张拉式环形内挑顶蓬结构能够在体育场的看台顶蓬的工程应用中占有一席之地，更希望本论文能够为张拉整体结构在我国的实现和广泛推广应用起到一定的促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In these years,people need the larger stadiums and aecodromes as the quick development of sports undertaking and aviation undertaking,which promotes spatial structures developing toward the larger?economicer and aetheticer neotype structure forms and Tensegrity structure is high efficiency structure System under the tendency of the development.Many national architects and structural researchers are researching extensively the tensegrity structures since they were natal.Theoretical research and engineering experience of tensegrity structure system have had a very large development in the United States?France?Japan?South Korea?Mexico, Taiwan and so on. Internal researchers began to reseach and searched the tensegrity structure system from 1990’s,but reseaches still stay in the stage of structural calculation and methods.The reseaches about dynamical peculiarity, seismic response?wind vibrating response and the engineering experience are almost blanking.So the work of this paper feels about analysis of the tensile ring-shaped and internal suspended top structure.Firstly,on the basis of wide-range reading of relevant internal and foreign documentation datums and degree dissertations about the tensegrity structures written by Chinese doctors,this paper looks back and summarize systematically developed history, researching present status and the application about engineering experience of the tensegrity structure.This paper also summarizes conception?shape?structural characteristics and advantages and finishes the conceptual reseach about the tensegrity structure.The finite element equation of of the tensegrity structure is established and the stiffness matrix of two-node cable element is deduced in this paper. The same time distinguishment between the cable element and link cable and the choice about solving means of nonlinear system of equations are introduced.Secondary,a new style tensile ring-shaped and internal suspended top structure is made and expounded firstly by my tutor in accordance with the thought of tensegrity structure system in this paper.The paper also introduces structural characteristics and making-up forms of the top structure.Initial stress state and work state of the top structure are calculated by use of ANSYS analysing software.It also researches the static characteristics about flowing direction of internal force and displacement of the top structure under the action of vertical loads and knows about internal force distribution and joints displacement of the construction members.The influence on the structural static characteristics under different parameters(these parameters include spatial geometric shape?compression bar height?prestressing force?vertical loads and so on)and the changing condition of internal force and joints displacement under these parameters are researched and analysed.Subsequently,finite elemnet analysis of autooscillation characteristics of the top structure is analysed by use of structural dynamic theory and subspace method.Structural frequency?corresponding vibration shapes?stiffness distribution and basic autooscillation characteristics of the top structure are ascertained and grasped.The influence on structural autooscillation characteristics of different parameters(these parameters include prestressing force?body system mass?area of cable section and tatio of rise to span)and change condition of frequency and corresponding vibration shapes are researched and analysed.Then, shock-resistant capability of the top structure is researched by use of the spatial multi earthquake modal response spectrum theory.Dynamic internal force distribution of the construction members? the influence on structural autooscillation characteristics of different parameters(these parameters include modal combinatorial number?load intensity? earthquake dimensions?area of cable section?prestressing force and combinatorial method)and change condition of internal dynamic force and dynamic displacement under these parameters are analysed and discussed.We have a overall acquaintance about更多还原