【作者】 李新柱；

【导师】 陈雯；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 有色金属冶金， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 二氧化氯是目前使用的消毒剂中最理想的杀菌消毒剂，已被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为A1级消毒剂，国外称之为第四代消毒剂，其应用领域涉及水处理、饮食、造纸、养殖、食品等行业，二氧化氯对于人体的医用价值也开始研究，并已有用于人体的报道，二氧化氯以其优良的性能正在日益贴近人们生活。发生二氧化氯的方法有多种，如盐酸法、食盐法、甲醇法等，其中甲醇法是相对比较成熟的工艺。在最近十多年的发展中，对于二氧化氯的研究多集中在反应器的智能化和自动控制上，少有降低成本的新工艺出现。本文创新性的提出以成本相对低廉的黄铁矿为还原剂发生二氧化氯，以降低成本促进产品的广泛应用。本文介绍了用黄铁矿在酸性条件下，还原氯酸钠发生二氧化氯工艺各因素对产率和纯度的影响，并得出了最佳工艺条件：反应温度30℃、氯酸钠浓度3mol／L、硫酸浓度7mol／L、黄铁矿过量5％。在此反应条件下，二氧化氯产率可达90． 31％，纯度91． 57％，充分说明了黄铁矿法发生二氧化氯是完全可行的，并依此数据对扩大化装置进行了设计。二氧化氯对光和热有较强的敏感性，在低温下二氧化氯见光主要分解为Cl2O6，而在较高温度下主要分解为氯气和氧气。本实验室以自制的二氧化氯水溶液放置于阴凉处保存，考察了非稳态二氧化氯水溶液随时间的衰减，得出在56天的时间内二氧化氯因岐化分解而损失约25％，这说明非稳态二氧化氯水溶液在商业上是不宜于贮存的。在现存的稳定性二氧化氯中，有多种产品形式，依其存在形态可分为液态和固态两种，以液态的稳定性二氧化氯较为常见，在应用中稳定性二氧化氯指液态稳定性二氧化氯。本文以液态稳定性二氧化氯为研究对象，考察了以碳酸钠和双氧水组成的过碳酸钠为稳定剂，吸收二氧化氯过程中各因素对其的影响，得出碳酸钠和双氧水的最佳摩尔比为2：3时可达到最大收益，并依照行业标准对产品进行了检验，产品质量合格。对黄铁矿原料成本进行了概算，比现行常用的盐酸法约降低30％，因此黄铁矿法具有明显的原料成本优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chlorine dioxide is the optimum disinfectant to be used at present, which is called the fourth generation disinfectant from abroad and defined as the A1 disinfectant by WHO. It is extensively applied to the aspects of disinfections, drinking water, hospital sewage, food antisepsis and retaining freshness. The medical application is also beginning studying and there are medical application reported. Chlorine dioxide is becoming the first disinfectant. The preparations of chlorine dioxide includes many methods, such as preparations using excess HC1 with ClO3-reacting NaCl with ClO3- in a strong H2SO4 solon and manufacturing by methyl alcohol. The preparation using methyl alcohol is the optimized method at present. In the research of recent years, chlorine dioxide generator has been developed. But new method has seldom been reported. The article introduces a new process in preparation of chlorine dioxide by reducing sodium chlorate in acid aqueous solution with pyrite. On the basis of experiments ,the optimized condition are obtained: reacting temperature:30 C , the sodium chlorate concentration:3mol/L, the sulfuric acid concentration:7mol/L,the surplus rate of pyrite: 5%. The rate of production is 90.31%. The rate of purity is 91.57%. The method using pyrite is proved to be practicable and the new device is devised.Chlorine dioxide is sensitive to light and heat. It will decompose, Cl2O6 is mainly got at low temperature, Cl2 and O2 are products at high temperature. The quantity of ClO2 has decreased by 25% in 56 days in the experiment. It proves that the ClO2 solution is unstable. The present chlorine dioxide products are mainly the stable ClO2 aqueous solution and solid chlorine dioxide. The stable CIO2 aqueous solution is widely used in practice, and the stable chlorine dioxide referred usually is the stable ClO2 aqueous solution.In the experiment, Na2CO3 and H2O2 are used as stabilizer and the proper proportion of stabilizer is 2:3(mol%). By the test, the stable chlorine dioxide meets the standardization.更多还原