【作者】 陈玉保；

【导师】 宁平；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工农业生产的突飞发展，大量生活污水、工业废水和农用化肥进入河流、湖泊等水体，使水体的氮磷含量增高，过量氮磷会导致水体富营养化。长期以来，城市污水处理厂主要以去除COD和SS为目标，对氮磷等无机污染物的去除效果往往不佳，因此，有效控制和降低污水中氮磷的浓度以及微污染水体深度处理已成为现代污水处理领域中的新课题。本项目是在前期研究的基础上进一步深化和完善，采用吸附法对城市污水进行深度处理，同时脱氮和除磷，大量削减富营养化污染物排放量。 本项目主要研究内容为：①改进稀土吸附剂最佳制各方法；②研究脱氮除磷的影响因素，包括：吸附剂最佳用量、溶液最佳pH值范围、吸附过程中溶液体系pH变化、振荡时间、溶液pH值对氧化镧稳定性、吸附时间对氧化镧稳定性、干扰因素等；③研究吸附剂脱氮除磷性能，提出吸附模型；④应用于处理实际生活污水；⑤研究稀土吸附剂最佳再生条件；⑥探讨稀土吸附剂脱氮除磷机理；⑦设计中试装置。 研究结果表明，改进稀土吸附剂的最佳制备条件是在前期研究稀土吸附剂最佳制备条件的基础上，用NaOH浓溶液替代浓氨水来调浸渍过程中溶液的pH值；脱氮除磷的适宜条件为：研发的稀土吸附剂适于处理pH值在3～7的弱酸性废水，对氨氮浓度为20 mg／l，吸附剂的最佳投加量为3 g／l，氨氮去除率可达97％，对含磷浓度为1.0 mg／l，吸附剂的最佳投加量为0.06 g／l，磷的去除率为99.5％，两者的出水pH值分别都在6～9之间；稀土吸附剂脱氮下平衡吸附容量为6.46 mg／g，动态吸附容量为2.76 mg／g，除磷的平衡吸附容量为16.58 mg／g，动态吸附容量为4.34 mg／g。斜发沸石的阳离子交换顺序为Cs⁺＞Rb⁺＞NH₄⁺＞K⁺＞Li⁺＞Ba²⁺＞Sr²⁺＞Mg²⁺，从交换顺序来看，天然斜发沸石对铵离子具有较强的选择吸收能力，干扰阴离子的影响顺序为CO₃^2-＞SO₄^2-＞Cl^-，阴离子干扰影响范围在15％以内。 根据城市污水处理厂的出水水质和稀土吸附剂脱氮除磷的性能参数，探索相关中试工艺控制条件和确定设计参数，设计了处理规模为1 m³／h的悬浮床吸附器中试装置及其再生配套装置。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the production of the industry and agriculture, much living sewage industrial sewage and fertilizer flow into the rivers and lakes as leads to increase the content of nitride and phosphate in the water. And too much nitride and phosphate will cause the water abundant in alimentation. For long time, city wastewater factories mainly remove COD and SS and the effect of nitride and phosphate removal is usually not good. So how to control and decrease the concentration of nitride and phosphate in the wastewater and dispose of slightly polluted water has become the new task in the modern wastewater dispose field. This project deepen and make perfect on the basis of the previous research. We dispose city wasterwater deeply through adsorption, and at the same time, we remove the nitride and phosphate, thus decrease much of the nutriment.The main content of the project is described as follows:(1) Improve the best preparation method of rare earth adsorbent. (2) Study the influential factors of nitride and phosphate removal, including: the best adsorbent dosage, best pH range of the solution, pH value of the solution changes in the process of adsorption, surge time, effect of pH value of the solution on the stability of lanthanum trioxide, effect of absoption time on the stability of lanthanum trioxide and interfere factors. (3) Study the adsorbent’s capability of nitride and phosphate removal and bring forward the adsorption model. (4) Apply in actual living wastewater disposal. (5) Study the optional conditions of the adsorbent regeneration. (6) Study the principle of nitride and phosphate removal by the rare earth adsorbent. (7) Design the medium experiment settings.Researches show that improving the optional preparation conditions of the rare earth adsorbent is at the basis of previous research and replace the strong ammonia with strong NaOH solution to adjust the pH value in the process of soaking. The optional conditions of nitride and phosphate removal are: the rare earth adsorbent in this research is suitable to handle the wastewater with weak acidity.for the concentration of nitride is 20 mg/1, the optional adsorbent dosage is 3 g/1, the removal rate of ammonia can reach 97%. for the concentration of phosphate is 1.0 mg/1, the optional adsorbent dosage is 0.06 g/l, the removal rate of ammonia can reach 99.5%. And the pH values of these two are between 6~9. The balanced adsorption load of the rare earth adsorbent of nitride removal is 6.46 mg/g and dynamic adsorption loadis 2.76 mg/g. The balanced adsorption load of the phosphate removal is 16.58 mg/g and dynamic adsorption load is 4.34 mg/g. The cation’s exchange order of the natural zeolite is Cs+>Rb+>NH4+>K+>Li+>Ba2+>Sr2+>Mg2+. And from the order, we can see the natural zeolite has the better selective absorption capability of ammonium. The influential order of the interferential anion is CO32->SO42->Cr-, the influential range of anion is below 15%.According to the water quality of the water come from the city wastewater factory and the capability parameters of the rare earth adsorbent, I have designed a 1 m3/h medium setting of suspension bed adsorber and assorted regeneration settings.更多还原