极薄矿脉采矿方法研究

【作者】 钟春晖；

【导师】 郭忠林；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 极薄矿脉赋存条件复杂。根据极薄矿脉的倾角、矿岩的稳固性等矿脉赋存状态，本文把极薄矿脉按缓倾斜极薄矿脉、倾斜极薄矿脉和急倾斜极薄矿脉三种主要类型进行研究。在此基础上，对目前我国开采各类极薄矿脉的采矿方法的主要方案、采场结构要素、采切工程布置、回采工艺以及地压管理等问题进行了分析研究，并对各采矿方法在生产实践中的使用情况和适用性进行了评价。资料分析表明，目前国内开采极薄矿脉的采矿方法大多使用全面法、留矿采矿法和削壁充填采矿法以及它们的变形方案，其它采矿方法使用得较少，与采矿业发达国家相比，还有相当大的差距，普遍存在的问题是：机械化作业程度低、工人劳动强度大、采场生产能力低、贫化损失大以及存在安全隐患等。针对以上问题，作者从我国矿山实际出发，通过优化采场结构，改进采矿工艺等措施提出了相应的采矿方法方案。 研究认为，选择合理的采矿方法是矿山生产的重要课题之一。在极薄矿脉采矿方法选择论证过程中，对可供选择的采矿方法技术经济比较优劣不明显时，应用模糊数学方法，量化影响采矿方法选择的指标，建立模糊评判矩阵，先进行采矿方法初选，然后对初选出的几种采矿方法进行模糊综合评判，最后选出最优采矿方法。应用模糊数学优选采矿方法比传统的综合经济比较法更具科学性和准确性。这样优选采矿方法对于开采极薄矿脉的黄金矿山、有色及稀有金属矿山具有现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Store conditions of extra narrow veins are complex. According to the store state of extra narrow veins such as the inclination of extra narrow veins and the firmness of mine rock, the paper divide it into gently inclined extra narrow veins , inclined extra narrow veins, steep extra narrow veins. On this foundation, the paper analyses and researches the main schemes, the construction element of slope, the arrangement of mining- cutting project ,the stopping techniques and ground pressure management of each kind of mining method which used to mining the extra narrow veins at present in China, In addition, application and applicability of each mining method are appraised . Author thinks that mines of mining the extra narrow veins home use mostly over-all method,shrinkage stopping method, resuing-fill method and their type-change schemes, other mining methods are comparatively less, still has fairly big gap comparing with developed countries in mining trade, generally existent problems are: low mechanization operation , greater worker labour force , low stope capacity, greater dilution rate and loss rate as well as the unsafe etc.. In view of above problems, author have put forward corresponding mining method schemes according to the mining reality of our country by optimizing stope structures and improving mining techniques.Studies considered: the mining method of reasonable option is the one of important programs of mining production. In the process of mining method option, For the extra narrow veins, being used mining methods of option ,good and bad on technical economy is not obvious, a fuzzy mathematical method was used to quantify the indexes affecting the mining methods and a matrix was established for fuzzy evaluation. Some mining methods were preliminarily selected, then making fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and choosing optimum mining method finally. Choosing mining method applying fuzzy mathematics is scientific and accurate than traditional comparison of technical economy. It has realistic meaning for the mines of gold and non-ferrous metals which mine extra narrow veins.更多还原