新型轴向力平衡装置平衡原理的理论分析

【作者】 邢乐斌；

【导师】 刘在伦；

【作者基本信息】 兰州理工大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在水利水电、航空航天以及化工和环保行业中，泵的应用非常广泛，发挥着巨大的作用，而且其应用范围正在迅速扩大。所以，提高泵类产品的技术指标，对于节约能源，保证生产的安全以及提高经济效益都具有十分重要的意义。长期以来，国内外专家学者一直致力于提高泵的效率和抗汽蚀性能等方面的研究，而对于泵在运转过程中产生的轴向力问题却没有引起足够的重视。从大量的文献资料中不难发现，现有的轴向力平衡装置的应用范围和平衡能力都受到一定程度的限制，而且轴向力计算公式方面的研究也一直是泵设计中的薄弱环节。 鉴于此，作者首先阐述了研究泵轴向力的重大意义，探讨了轴向力产生的原因，全面分析了传统的轴向平衡方法，并详细介绍了轴向力平衡装置的最新研究进展和现有轴向力计算公式的概况。 针对现有的各种平衡装置的缺点和不足，作者从一个崭新的角度，巧妙利用了轴向间隙流在旋转过程中产生的离心力，提出了一种新型的轴向力平衡装置。 为了分析新型轴向力平衡装置间隙的内部流动，建立了径向间隙和轴向间隙内部的流动数学模型，并应用粘性不可压缩流体的纳维—斯托克斯方程和流体的连续性方程，推导出了两间隙进出口压力差和泄漏量的关系式，进而得出平衡装置间隙内部的压力分布规律。 根据叶轮入口处、前后盖板和轴向间隙内部的受力，分析了新型轴向力平衡装置的平衡原理。 最后，针对某一工程实例，计算出了安装新型轴向力平衡装置后轴向力的大小，并与开平衡孔平衡轴向力的方法做定量的比较，验证新型轴向力平衡装置的平衡能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In many trades such as irrigation works and hydroelectric station, aviation and space flight, chemical industry and environment protecting, pumps are applied very extensively and play a very important role. So, to improve technological index is greatly significant for saving energy, ensuring production and raising economic benefit. For a long time, experts and scholars both at home and abroad have always devoted themselves to raising pumps’ lift, efficiency and reducing its NPSHr, while they neglected the study of axial thrust. And very few people devoted deep exploration in reducing axial thrust and improving pumps’ stability. In view of side effects from axial thrust, comprehensive and detailed analysis are made in this paper.Firstly, the great significance of studying pumps’ axial thrust will be stated with clarity, and traditional balance methods will be comprehensively analyzed. Also, the latest research progress of balance device and calculative formula will be retrospected and discussed detailedly.Secondly, a new type of balance device will be proposed, and pressure distribution laws will also be discussed deeply in pumps’ chamber.Thirdly, mathematic model of flowing fluid will be established in both radial gap and axial gap, and the pressure distribution laws will also be concluded in these two gaps.Fourthly, pressure distribution drawing will be made in entrance and cover board of pumps and axial gap of balance device. Also, the balance principle of this new type of balance device will be deeply analyzed.Finally, this new type of balance device will be applied to a realistic situation, and the value of remaining axial thrust will be calculated. To show its advantages, this new type of balance device will be compared with other ones.更多还原