【作者】 张向果；

【导师】 丛玉良；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 绪论 随着道路交通需求和现代高新科技的发展，交通监控中心系统正在作为新一代道路交通系统。它是将先进的信息技术、数据通信传输技术、电子传感技术、电子控制技术以及计算机网络和信息处理技术等有效地集成，运用于整个地面运输管理体系，而建立起的一种大范围内、全方位发挥作用的，实时、准确、高效的综合运输和管理体系。这个系统的研究开发可以加强道路、车辆、驾驶员以及管理人员的联系，使得管理人员对车辆行驶状况了如指掌，而且驾驶员对车辆的行驶情况也能一清二楚，可以实现道路交通管理“自动化”、车辆行驶“智能化”，从而减少道路拥塞状况，提高道路运输效率和行车安全，以确保快速、准时、便捷和舒适的公共交通运输。 交通监控中心是智能交通系统的核心技术之一，其目的是通过车辆本身和整个系统智能控制中心的信息交互，使用户实时地了解前方的路况和交通流量等信息，且以多媒体的形式（如文本、图片、视频、音频等）向用户提供信息和实时告知或提醒用户进行适当的操作。在各个具体的导航系统中，整体组成方案不尽相同，但总体来说，一般由三大部分构成：车载系统、无线通讯系统、地面指挥中心监测管理系统。二．本文的主要工作交通信息采集、处理和发布系统由车载计算机和车辆上的GPS接收机、以及其它一些部件组成。监控中心系统的工作过程如下：车载GPS终端分布在各个移动车辆上，负责接收GPS卫星定位信息，并在监控中心要求送回数据的情况下，通过数据控制处理器解算出车辆所在处的位置坐标，坐标数据经过处理后通过符合GSM标准的无线MODEM（GSM模块），利用短信息的形式将车辆的位置、状态、编号等信息发送到GSM公网，GSM公网将接收的车辆定位信息传送到监控中心的接收机上，在监控中心经过计算机系统和串行口的处理后与计算机系统上的地理信息系统进行匹配，并在计算机上实时的显示出来。另一方面，各个道路测试中心把各个路段的交通状况也通过一定的编码方式发送到GSM网络，并在监控中心的计算机系统上显示出来，使监控中<WP=68>心根据各个路段的交通拥塞状态实时的调度车辆缓解交通压力。监控中心系统计算机还需要利用通讯模块进行无线通讯，它返回状态信息，接收控制信息。在整个交通信息处理过程中，硬件部分结构并不复杂，所以大部分工作都放在软件方面。整个系统软件分为动态车辆定位部分和地理信息部分两个部分，其中动态车辆定位部分包括道路网络的优化、GPS数据的接收和处理、不同坐标系的转换、车辆位置的定位和修正等模块；而地理信息部分包括电子地图制作、浏览和缩放、各种目标的定位、目标分布图的绘制、数据库的管理以及帮助信息等模块。车辆在行驶的过程中，通过接收并处理来自卫星的GPS数据（例如，经度、纬度、速度、时间、方向等）传送到交通监控中心，然后交通监控系统把车辆定位在电子地图（以长春市电子地图为例）上并实时显示车辆的位置，一般接收到的数据都是有误差的，所以对于接收到的数据需要先通过修正之后，然后和电子地图匹配，再定位在电子地图上；通过通讯模块同控制中心交换信息，而地理信息系统属于交通监控中心系统的辅助部分，电子地图的浏览、目标图的绘制，地物信息的查询等功能。整个系统的主要功能如下。缩放、漫游电子地图。对电子地图的放大和缩小以及对地图的浏览。对地图的快速定位。对电子地图上的任一目标的定位。各种目标的分类查询、快速定位、信息查询。对电子地图上的目标分类定位，以及对每一具体目标的详细介绍。对车辆的GPS定位跟踪。对移动车辆的实时定位，以及对定位精度的修正。道路监测中心把交通流量信息传送到交通监控中心，并实时的显示出来。分类数据库的维护。三．结论经过这些时间的研究，作者预期的目标和课题要求都已经基本实现了，它完成了对长春市内的移动车辆的动态定位，同时GIS系统也较好的发挥了作用，对于其它城市的定位，只需重做该城市的电子地图即可。另外，在课题研究期间因为实验条件、个人水平有限等原因，导致有些问题的出现，现<WP=69>归纳如下：GPS接收机的误差，导致定位精度的欠缺。矢量化得到数据的过程中，矢量误差导致了电子地图作图的误差，也 影响了定位的精度。GPS坐标用于地图匹配的过程中，算法还有缺陷。在用GSM网络传输通信信息的时候，接口部分应该更好地处理一下。更多还原

【Abstract】 1.IntroductionWith the need of road and traffic and the development of modern high technology, Intelligent Transportation Monitor System (ITMS) is widely applied as a new generation of traffic system. ITMS integrates advanced information technology, transmission technology of data communication, electronic sensing technology, electronic control technology and computer network and information processing technology, and applies to traffic management system, and establishes an effective, real-time, exact and efficient transportation management system. ITMS is researched and developed to establish the relation of road, vehicle, driver and supervisor and make the supervisor and driver master the vehicle condition. The traffic automation and intelligent vehicle are achieved to alleviate the road congestion, to promote transportation efficiency and vehicle security, to obtain fast, punctual, convenient and comfortable public transportation.Control center of the traffic is the key technology of ITMS. which exchanges information between vehicle and intelligent control center to make the users know the road condition and traffic flux, to offer multimedia information (e.g. text, picture, video and audio) to the users and remind the users. The structure plan is different among the navigation system, in general the navigation system comprises of on-vehicle, wireless system and supervising system of ground center (short for base system).2. Major content of the thesisBecause of various kinds of relations, control center of the traffic in this text is the administrative system of the command center on the ground monitors in fact. The system comprises of on-vehicle computer, GPS receiver and others. The process of System of control center is as follows: Car-mounted GPS terminal station is distributed in each moving at the vehicle, which receives GPS satellite fix message to responsible for, and in a situation that the control center demands to send back to the data, through the data controller it can solve the position coordinate of the vehicle place, the coordinate data passes wireless MODEM (GSM module ) which accords with GSM standard after dealing with, utilizing the form of short information to send the information , such as position , state , serial number of the vehicle ,etc. to GSM common network , GSM common network conveys the receive message of orient vehicle to the receiver of the control center. The geographical information <WP=71>system with the computer system matches after processing of computer system and serial mouth in the control center, and the computer comes out on real-time. On the other hand, each road test center sends the traffic of each highway section to GSM network through certain way of encoding too, and is showed in the computer system of the control center, it makes the control center alleviate the traffic pressure according to the dispatcher of the traffic jam of each highway section with real-time state vehicle. In addition , the systematic computer of control center needs to utilize communication module to carry on wireless communication, which returns condition information and receiver control information. The above is the hardware of on-vehicle system, in auto-navigation system the hardware is not complex, so the main task is the software.The whole system software comprises of mobile vehicle location and GIS, in which the former is made up of optimizing road network, receiving and processing GPS data, transforming coordinate, location and correction of vehicle location; the later is made up of making electronic map, the scan and scale of electronic map, location of various objects, drawing distribution picture, the select of bus plan, the management of database and help information. During the process of the vehicle going, through receiving and dealing with GPS data from satellite(for example, longitude, latitude, speed, time, direction, etc.) it conveys to the control center of the traffic. Then traffic monitoring system makes a reservation on electronic map (e.g. Electronic map of更多还原