【作者】 张韶晖；

【导师】 徐家宁；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来大庆油田大规模应用的聚合物驱油技术和正在试验的三元复合驱油和泡沫复合驱油技术（统称化学驱油）矿场试验，分别取得了比水驱提高石油采收率12%、20%和30%以上的好效果，同时化学驱油特别是泡沫复合驱油采出液中残留的碱、表面活性剂、聚合物和天然气也导致采出液油水乳化严重，使油水分离难度明显加大。本文中以大庆油田泡沫复合驱模拟采出液为介质，研究了泡沫复合驱模拟采出液稳定性及破乳效果的影响因素，即泡沫驱模拟采出液的含水率、乳化程度（包括均化仪的乳化时间及乳化转速）、聚合物含量、碱含量、表活剂含量、气含量七因素对模拟采出液稳定性及破乳效果的影响规律及程度，得到了脱后净化油含水率及污水含油量与各考察因素之间的回归方程；研制出了适合泡沫复合驱采出液破乳脱水的破乳剂FD9808，达到了泡沫复合驱油技术推广应用对破乳剂所要求的技术指标，即脱后净化油含水率≤30％、脱后污水含油量≤2000 mg/L。本课题中的创新点主要包括：在泡沫复合驱模拟采出液稳定性及其破乳效果影响因素研究及在泡沫复合驱采出液处理用破乳剂配方的研制中合理地引入均匀设计试验法，在最终破乳剂配方的适应性试验中恰当地采用正交试验法，通过多种试验方法的有机结合，从而圆满地完成了该课题的研究工作，研制出了满足泡沫复合驱采出液处理要求的破乳剂FD9808。本文中得出的主要研究结论包括：采出液中残留的碱、表面活性剂、聚合物和天然气导致采出液油水乳化严重，油水乳状液稳定性增强，油水分离难度加大； 在泡沫复合驱模拟采出液含水率、聚合物含量、表活剂含量、碱含量及气含量五因素中，对泡沫驱模拟采出液稳定性影响最大的因素是碱含量及气含量，且碱含量及气含量越高，模拟采出液经热沉降后的油中含水率及污水含油量也越高，即模拟采出液越稳<WP=80>定；在泡沫复合驱模拟采出液含水率、聚合物含量、表活剂含量、碱含量及气含量五因素中，对泡沫驱模拟采出液破乳效果影响最大的因素是表活剂含量、碱含量及气含量，且表活剂含量越高，模拟采出液经破乳后的脱后净化油含水率越高；而碱含量及气含量越高，模拟采出液经破乳后的脱后污水含油量越高；研制的破乳剂FD9808，是一种对泡沫复合驱采出液适宜的破乳剂，具有破乳效率高、适应性强的特点，在脱水温度为45℃、沉降时间为30min、加药量在40～60mg/L的条件下，即可达到泡沫复合驱油技术推广应用对破乳剂所要求的技术指标，即脱后净化油含水率≤30％、脱后污水含油量≤2000 mg/L，满足该介质破乳脱水的要求。该课题成果是针对泡沫复合驱油技术的实际需要而提出来的，是泡沫复合驱油技术推广应用不可缺少的技术手段，其经济效益隐含在泡沫复合驱油技术所获得的经济效益之中。由于破乳剂FD9808的成本较低，用该剂可使处理每方采出液所需的破乳剂费用低于1.1元，随着泡沫复合驱油技术的逐步推广应用，其经济效益将是十分显著的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Polymer flooding being applied and the ASP flooding and complex foam flooding being test in Daqing Oilfield have resulted in EOR rates respective 12%, 20% and 30% over water flooding. However, residual alkaline, surfactants, polymer and natural gas in produced liquid have also resulted in tighter crude oil emulsion in produced liquid, leading to poorer oil/water separation of both produced liquid and oily water.In this work, the influences of stabilization and demulsification efficiency of artificial chemical flooding produced liquid in Daqing Oilfield were systematically studied on artificial chemical flooding produced liquid. Respective relation functions between water cut in oil and oil cut in oily water to their influencing factors were achieved. Demulsifier FD9808, that is compatible to complex foam flooding produced liquid were developed.Residual alkaline, surfactants, polymer and natural gas in produced liquid have resulted in tighter crude oil emulsion in produced liquid, leading to poorer oil/water separation of both <WP=82>produced liquid and oily water.The most significant influences in five factors of water cut, polyacrylamide content, surfactant content, alkaline content and natural gas content in artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid to stabilization of artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid are alkaline content and natural gas content. The more high alkaline content and natural gas content in artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid are, the more high water cut in oil and oil cut in oily water of artificial produced liquid after thermo-settlement are, namely, the more high stabilization of artificial produced liquid is.The most significant influences in five factors of water cut, polyacrylamide content, surfactant content, alkaline content and natural gas content in artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid to demulsification efficiency of artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid are surfactant content, alkaline content and natural gas content. The more high surfactant content in artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid is, the more high water cut in oil of artificial produced liquid after <WP=83>thermo-settlement is. The more high alkaline content and natural gas content in artificial complex foam flooding produced liquid are, the more high oil cut in oily water of artificial produced liquid after thermo-settlement is.Demulsifier FD9808 is compatible to complex foam flooding produced liquid, features higher demulsification efficiency and more comprehensive compatibility, can meet application requirements of complex foam flooding.更多还原