【作者】 李良宇；

【导师】 田地；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着气象事业的快速发展，人们对于信息的需求无论从量还是质上都正发生着深刻变化。原有的主要依靠人工进行操作和读数的气象观测方式，不仅劳动效率低，而且各项参数均需人工记录和汇总，工作量大，容易出错，已满足不了现有的气象观测要求。同时，信息技术、电子技术和计算机技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用，为气象观测自动化提供有力的技术支持。在这种大环境下，我国的自动气象观测技术得到了快速发展。经过多年研究工作，观测技术已基本成熟。但在其关键设备——气象数据采集器的研究方面，研究工作远远落后于外国发达国家。气象数据采集器是我国气象仪器行业的主要技术难题之一，国内尚未有成熟产品，供求主要依靠国外进口产品。针对我国急需研制出新一代高精度、高灵活性数据采集器的现状，本论文对气象数据采集器的主控单元进行研究与构建，为数据采集器的其它部件设计提供开发与控制平台。主控单元犹如嵌入到自动气象观测系统中的微型计算机，是整个采集系统的控制与运行核心，其性能的好坏直接决定数据采集器功能的多寡和性能的优异。随之后PC时代的到来，嵌入式系统已经广泛地渗透到大众生活，是继IT网络技术之后，又一个新的技术发展方向。嵌入式系统是以应用为中心、以计算机技术为基础，软件硬件可裁剪，适应应用系统对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗严格要求的专用计算机系统。一般而言，嵌入式系统的构架分成四部分：处理器、存储器、输入输出设备和软件（操作系统和应用软件）。开发嵌入式系统通常采用以下三种流程：瀑布模式开发过程、V型模式开发过程和基于硬件抽象层的系统开发过程。应用需求的牵引和IT技术的推动使得嵌入式系统设计方法不断演化，出现了三种不同层次的设计方法：①以PCB CAD软件和ICE为主要工具的设计方法；②以EDA工具软件和EOS为开发平台的设计方法；③以IP内核库为设计基础，用软硬件协同设计技术的设计方法。硬件平台是嵌入式系统的基础，通过对嵌入式系统硬件成分的分析，结合当前嵌入式微处理器发展现状，本文对气象数据采集器主控单元的硬件构成进行了研究与设计。<WP=76>并对目前被公认为业界领先的32位ARM微处理器的概况进行了介绍，探讨了其体系结构和编程模型。系统软件是嵌入式系统硬件与用户应用软件的连接桥梁，其设计品质的好坏决定了上层应用软件的功能多寡性能优劣、底层硬件的利用效率。随着嵌入式系统的应用范围像滚雪球式地增大，嵌入式系统编程也变得越来越复杂，它覆盖了从最具体的底层编程到最抽象的高层UNIX编程的各个方面。本文对嵌入式系统固件设计进行探讨，介绍了嵌入式系统启动引导程序和设备驱动程序的设计方法，对μC/OS-II嵌入式实时操作系统进行了简要介绍和原理分析。根据实际需求，实现了ARM微处理器启动引导程序、μC/OS-II内核在ARM微处理器上的移植以及基于嵌入式操作系统的两种设备驱动程序。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the fast development of the meteorological cause, the deep change is taking place no matter from quantity or the quality in the demands for information of people. Already existing meteorological observation way to rely on artificial operating and reading mainly, not only efficiency is low, but also every parameter needs artificial record and gather, the work load is huge, apt to make mistakes, can’t already meet the existing meteorological observation request. Meanwhile, development and application of information technology, electronic technology and computer technology, offer strong technical support for automatic meteorological observation. Under this kind of environment, the automatic meteorological observation technology of our country has got the fast development. Through the research work for many years, it is already ripe basically to observe technology. But in the research of its key equipment——the meteorological data collector, research work far lags behind the foreign developed country. The meteorological data collector is one of the main technological difficult problems of the meteorological instrument trade of our country. There are no ripe products yet at home. The supply and demand depends on the foreign import products mainly.In the face of the current situation of developing new generation data collector with high accuracy and high flexibility for our country, this thesis carries on research and structures to the main control unit of the meteorological data collector. It offers the platform for the designs of other parts of data collector. The main control unit like the microcomputer embedded in the automatic meteorological observation system, is the control and operation core of the whole gather system. The quality of its performance determines directly the kinds of the collector function and excellence of performance.Arrival of PC era, the embedded system has already widely permeated through masses’ life, is another new technological developing direction following IT network technology. The embedded system regards as a kind of special computer system, which is around the application and based on technology of the computer. Its software and hardware can be cut out. It meets requisition for function, dependability, cost, volume and consumption of the application system. Generally speaking, the framework of the embedded system divides into <WP=78>four parts: CPU, memory, I/O and software (operating system and application software). Development of the embedded system usually adopts three kinds of following procedure: procedure developed in waterfall mode, procedure developed in Model V mode and procedure developed on the basis of HAL. The demand of IT technology makes design method of the embedded system evolve constantly, the design methods of three kinds of different levels have appeared: ①design method taking PCB CAD software and ICE as main tool;②design method taking EDA tool software and EOS as developing platform;③design method using the hardware/software codesign based on IP kernel.The hardware platform is a foundation of the embedded system. Through an analysis of hardware composition of embedded system, combining with the present situation of embedded microprocessor, this thesis researches and designs the hardware of the main control unit of the meteorological data collector. And it carries on the introduction to the overview of 32-bit ARM microprocessor, researches its system structure and programming model.The systems software is a bridge between embedded system hardware and user’s application software. As the range of application of the embedded system increases constantly, embedded system programming becomes more and more complicated. This thesis discusses the design of the embedded system firmware, introduces the design method of startup sequence and device driver of the embedded system, carries on the brief introduction and principle analysis to μC/OS-II embedded real-time operating system. According to the actual demand, it achieves startup sequence of ARM microproce更多还原