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基于MapX的最优路径搜索理论与实施技术研究

Study on Optimum Route Search and Its Implement Technology Based on MapX

【作者】 杨春晓

【导师】 杨兆升;

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 交通信息工程及控制, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 目前,以信息技术运用为主导的智能交通系统通常被认为是解决城市交通问题的有效途径。作为智能交通系统核心组成部分的城市交通诱导系统与实时交通信息相匹配,能有效地解决城市交通拥挤、减少交通事故、降低空气污染、提高运输效率。城市交通流诱导系统要解决的一个核心问题就是要使交通流在路网中得到合理均衡的分布,最大限度降低交通流在路网中分布的时间不均衡性和空间不均衡性,从而充分利用路网资源,降低交通拥堵。城市交通中的最优路径搜索方法问题就是完成上述城市交通流诱导系统功能的关键环节和核心理论。最优路径搜索技术根据路网的车流合理地引导车辆行驶,减少行车延误,并且优化交通流在整个路网上的分配。最优路径搜索及其实施技术就是在现有的技术经济条件下,研究设计适用于动态路径诱导系统中的最优路径搜索算法和实施技术。城市交通路网中的最优路径搜索算法问题其实质上就是数学上的最短路问题。最短路问题是个相对古老的数学问题,国内外很多学者长期以来都对此做出过深入的研究,并有很多成熟的算法可以利用。但在路网规模大且结构复杂的城市路网中实现最优路径搜索采用一般通用的最短路算法往往得不到理想的效果,因为一般通用的算法常常会由于计算时间过长而无法在实时动态交通流诱导方面获得应用。因此,为了满足动态交通流诱导的需要,就必须对通用的最短路算法进行必要的改进。笔者所在的课题组对此进行了深入的研究,并提出了一种基于出行者特性的最优路径搜索算法思想,本论文就是在该算法思想的基础上,以长春市城市路网为例,在MapX矢量地图环境下对该算法进行了实现。对最优路径搜索实施技术的研究也就是利用现有通信、计算机、控制等先进的高新科技,将最优路径搜索软件与城市交通流诱导系统集成起来实现动态的交通流诱导。其中其中车辆定位技术、地图匹配技术及交通信息通信技术是实现城市交通流诱导系统的关键技术,而实时交通信息与车载诱导装<WP=78>置的集成技术是实现最优路径搜索的系统基础。本论文的主要内容如下:第一章:绪论。介绍了课题的研究背景,并说明了最优路径搜索理论与实施技术研究的目的和意义,还简要概述了本文的主要研究内容。第二章:城市交通流诱导系统。对最优路径搜索理论与实施技术的研究是城市交通流诱导系统的重要组成部分,因此全面了解城市交通流诱导系统的研究进展情况是研究最优路径搜索理论的必要前提。本章介绍了目前城市交通流诱导系统研究的现状及主要内容,主要从城市交通流诱导系统的基础理论、关键技术及系统框架等方面进行了总结。第三章:最优路径搜索方法。本章对最优路径搜索方法从理论方面做了详细阐述。本章从最优路径搜索问题的求解过程入手,先是总结了常用的最优路径搜索算法,然后重点描述了一种基于出行者特性的最优路径搜索算法(TC-B Method)。最后本章对TC-B Method的进行了局部的改进,提出了一种基于出行者特性的多级分层搜索算法。第四章:最优路径搜索在MapX中的实现。本章首先介绍了MapX的开发方法和特点,然后对最优路径搜索在MapX中的实现过程做了描述,最后结合笔者的开发实践给出了最优路径搜索算法在MapX中的实现流程及开发的最优路径搜索软件运行界面。第五章:最优路径搜索的实施技术研究。本章对最优路径搜索的相关实施技术做了描述。依据笔者所研究的领域,这里仅介绍了两种实施技术:这里仅介绍了两种实施技术:一种是实时交通信息与车载信息装置的集成技术。另一种是城市交通流诱导系统结构设计问题。这两方面的研究对以最优路径搜索为核心的城市交通流诱导系统中软、硬件的开发都有着十分重要的意义。第六章:全文总结。对本文研究内容进行总结,并提出以后尚需完善的研究工作重点。对最优路径搜索技术的研究主要包括对最优路径搜索理论的研究和对其实施技术的研究两个方面。前者研究的目的是寻求城市交通流诱导应用的高效、快速的最优路径搜索算法;后者研究的目的是对前者路径搜索算法在实际城市路网环境中的实现。本论文结合笔者所在课题组所从事的“车载信<WP=79>息装置开发”项目对这两方面都做出了研究,这对目前刚刚兴起的城市动态交通诱导系统有着一定的参考价值,同时也在一定程度上为日后车载信息装置在我的广泛应用做出了有益的探索。

【Abstract】 At present, Intelligent Transportation System(ITS) is regarded as the most effective method for solving traffic problems. As the key part of ITS, Urban Traffic Flow Guidance System(UTFGS)can match with real-time traffic information, settle urban traffic congestion, decrease traffic incident, abate air pollution and improve traffic efficiency. The kernel problem for Urban Traffic Flow Guidance System to solve is we can distribute the traffic flow reasonably and equably in the road network and reduce the time disequilibrium and space disequilibrium of traffic flow furthest. So that we will make full use of road network resources and reduce traffic congestion. The search of optimum path is the core and theory for accomplishing above-mentioned functions of Urban Traffic Flow Guidance System. The optimum path search technology guides vehicles driving reasonably according to traffic flow in the road network, reduces travel relay, and optimizes the distribution of traffic flow in the whole road network. On the condition of the existing technology and economy, UTFGS and its implementation technologies study and design the optimum path search algorithms and implementation technologies fit for UTFGS.The optimum path search algorithm is the calculation of shortest route in essence. The calculation of shortest route is an old mathematic problem. Many scholars make deep researches on this problem for a long time. There are a lot of mature algorithms can be utilized. The common algorithms can’t have perfect effect on realizing the optimum path search in the urban road network when the road network is big and perplex. The reason is that common algorithms spend too so much time calculating that can’t make an application for real-time dynamic traffic flow guidance. In order to meet the requirement of dynamic traffic flow guidance, we must make necessary improvement in the common shortest path algorithms. We bring forward a method of optimum path search algorithm based on the characteristics of travelers. According to this method, this paper gives an example of Changchun urban road network to implement this algorithm in the enviroment of在MapX. With the use of communication, computer and control technologies, research <WP=81>on the implementation technology of optimum path search is to combine the software of optimum path search with urban traffic flow guidance system to realize dynamic traffic flow guidance. Vehicle position technology, map matching technology, and traffic information communication technology are the key technologies to realize urban traffic flow guidance system. The integrated technology of real-time traffic information and in-vehicle guidance equipment is the foundation of carrying out optimum path search system. The main contents of this paper are followings:Chapter 1: Preface. It introduces the research background of this subject; explains the optimized route search theory, the aim and significance of this implementation technique; also summarizes the main research content. Chapter 2: Urban Traffic Flow Guidance System. The research into the optimized route search theory and its implementation technique are two important parts of the UTFGS. Therefore, the complete understanding of the research’s progress is the indispensable premise for the research into the optimized route search theory. This chapter introduces the research situation and the main content of UTFGS nowadays. It also summarizes the basic theory, key technique and system structure and other aspects of UTFGS.Chapter 3: The optimized route search methods. This chapter has made some detailed explanation of the optimized route search methods from the theory aspect. It proceeds with the process of finding the answer of the optimized route search problem. First of all, it summarizes the common optimized route search methods used nowadays. And then, it emphasized on expounding the Traffic Characteristics Based Method (TC-B Method). At last, this chapter makes a partial improvement of the TC-B method, and then brings forward a Traffic Cha

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 吉林大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2004年 04期
  • 【分类号】U495
  • 【被引频次】10
  • 【下载频次】769
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