【作者】 刘李；

【导师】 葛鲁嘉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 应用心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 尼采作为一位哲学家闻名于世，但在他那里，同样有着深刻独特的心理学思想，本文就是探析尼采心理学思想的一个尝试。 应当淡化哲学与心理学间的界限意识。一个主要原因是在许多现代哲学家那里同样有着重要的心理学思想，尼采正是这样的哲学家。言说尼采不仅对于心理学史有意义，而且对于现代心理学的未来发展也能提供许多有启迪性的东西。阐释尼采思想的方法论考虑可以集中为一点，即维持诸释阐释原则间的张力。 尼采的心理学处于同其思想整体的深刻关联中，因而无法径直走向心理学。本文设定了两种通达尼采心理学的路径；即“人化路径”和“类型学”路径，由此勾勒出尼采尼采思想的大致轮廊和尼采心理学与之的关联。 尼采心理学思想的最重要的方面是他对本能的理解和与之相关的生理—心理学。尼采以多种方式区分本能的类型，但最终，尼采将所有本能归结为权力意志，这是尼采赋予人的最高规定性。本能世界体现出一种混沌的特征，诸本能间的动力关系受制于偶然性；尼采否定恒久的主导性本能的存在，但他特别强调了性欲与攻击欲的重要性。 生理—心理学在尼采那里具有特殊的意义，他借以强调本能状态对身体的依赖性，身体在尼采那里并非单纯作为物的、只服从生理规律的身体，他认为这一身体同时是历史地形成的，它被一系列的体制塑出来。具有重要意义的是，尼采规定了两种基本的身体一本能状态（或生理—心理状态），尼采提到的，诸如主人—奴隶那样的各种对立最终都可以还原到这两种基本的身体—本能状态的对立中。 尼采的心理学同时是权力意志的发展与形态学说，是通向诸根本问题的途径，但这一途径同样也是尼采心理学自我实现的途径，正是在对诸如道德、艺术、认识等重大问题的应答中，尼采的心理学才得以展开。对于<WP=54>尼采而言，建构其哲学的过程与建构其心理学的过程是同一的。 尼采的心理学呈现出与现代心理学的许多不同之处，诸如对对立和差异的强调，将价值引入其心理学，关于生成和流变的思想，视角主义等等。这些差异对现代心理学而言是有启迪意义的，尼采的心理学思想构成现代心理学进行自我反思时的有益的参照系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nierzche is regarded as one of the most excellent thinkers in the modern age. His works is distinguished for the anti-traditional style and irrational trend, which gives much heed to the nature of human being and sets him apart from his contemporaries. What’s more, Nierzche is considered as a person that had great ideas in the field of psychology.It is a fact that there is no more specific distinction between the field of philosophy and the field of psychology, because many great philosophers have great intelligence in the field of psychology are also have great talent in the field of philosophy. Nierzche can be appropriately thought as one of the most intelligent one. His ideas in this field touch much, which offers something valuable to us even up to now. We benefit not only from his theories but also from the methodology he had applied. Nietzsche’s ideas cannot directly lead to the access to psychology, and in this thesis I set two different hypotheses, which are available to the access, so that we can have a general understanding about the relation between Nietzsche’s philosophical ideas and his psychological ideas. As Nierzche himself concerned, the development of his philosophy and the development of his psychology are closely related. Nietzsche’s theory is unique and characteristic, he appealed to willpower in his philosophy, the willpower of human being can be <WP=56>developed at its most. The essential part in his psychology is his understanding about the instinct of human being and the understanding about the relation between the two fields of philosophy and psychology. He thought the instinct as something like willpower. He took an negative view on an long-lasting instinct, but he especially emphasize the importance of lust and aggressiveness.These psychological ideas are unique to the modern psychology. The differences lie in the fact that he applied the value to psychology, which creates a new perspective to the essence in this realm.Though his theory has been proved to be somewhat impartial, the spirit covey in it is deeply absorbed by many researchers, which makes him a genius.更多还原