【作者】 丁国声；

【导师】 刘德斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国际政治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 经济全球化已成为当今世界经济发展的历史潮流。在这个大趋势下，国家经济安全问题日益突出，并成为当今世界的热点问题之一。如何客观地认识经济全球化及由此带来的国家经济安全问题，特别是从国情出发科学地制定中国的国家经济安全战略，有效运用确保中国国家经济安全的策略，对于提高中国在世界经济中的竞争能力，并实现中国在世界上和平崛起具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。　 国家经济安全是指民族国家的经济发展、经济利益不受外部或内部威胁和侵害。具体地讲，国家经济安全由金融市场安全、国内产业和进出口贸易市场安全、战略物资和能源安全、经济信息网络安全等几个方面的内容组成。　 经济全球化对发展中国家是一柄双刃剑，经济全球化在其发展过程中给发展中国家带来的并不全是一片歌舞升平。其中既有以“亚洲四小龙”和“亚洲四小虎”为代表的亚洲经济奇迹的发生，也有上世纪 ８０ 年代拉美和南美的发展中国家和地区在巨额债务危机的经济困境中痛苦挣扎的十年。１９９７ 年，横扫东南亚的金融风暴带给一些国家的几乎是毁灭性的打击。客观分析经济全球化条件下发展中国家的经济安全隐患并制定相应的对策，是摆在我们面前的一项十分重要的任务。　 中国加入 ＷＴＯ 是一个具有重要历史意义的里程碑，是中国在更深层次上融入经济全球化进程的战略性举措。与此同时，也增加了对中国国家经济安全的负面影响，主要包括：金融风险加大，债务风险加大，失业率上升以及民族工业在外部经济力冲击下的生存危机，同时还有中国人才大量流失的严重问题。　 中国在维护国家经济安全上既有优势也有劣势，主要优势是中国是一个大国，回旋余地较大；中国将长期保持劳动力廉价和供给充足的竞争 41<WP=46>优势；在 ２０ 多年的改革开放中，中国企业积累了参与国际竞争的丰富经验；同时中国的政治稳定和中国政府积极稳妥推进改革开放进程的政策为中国经济长期稳定发展提供了政治保证。其劣势在于包括国有四大商业银行在内的国有大型企业经济体制改革尚未完成，其国际竞争力较弱；中国的政治体制改革相对滞后，政府职能的转变也相对缓慢；中国国家的金融体系不够健康，银行呆坏帐率过高，资本充足率过低；中国在防范经济风险特别是防范在对国际资本市场开放条件下的金融风险的能力和人才准备不足。因此及时制定和完善中国的国家经济安全战略是十分必要的。　所谓国家经济安全战略是保证国家经济发展目标顺利实现的基本方略，它规定了国家经济安全的总目标和实现这一目标的手段，发挥着协调国家整个经济政策选择、动员社会资本等资源、促进国民经济发展和社会进步的作用，保障国家经济安全是国家的根本利益所在。在涉及国家经济安全问题时，各方面都要服从和服务于国家经济安全战略。世界各国都将国家经济安全战略看成是“重中之重”，都制定了十分详细而具体的国家经济安全战略。　中国的国家经济安全战略应包括中国国家金融安全战略、国内产业安全战略、国家战略物资安全战略以及人才战略等主要部分。只有及时制定并有效实施保证中国经济安全的切实措施，中国经济才有可能在经济全球化的大潮中立于不败之地，并以此为基础实现中国的“和平崛起”和实现中华民族的伟大复兴。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the economic globalization becomes historic trend of economicdevelopment, the economic security stands out gradually and becomes theworld’s focus. How to objectively understand the economic globalization andthe national economic security, especially how to lay down the China nationaleconomic security stratagem on the basis of the situation of China, and how toefficiently ensure the strategy of the China national economic security, havegreat theoretical and practical significance for China to improve the Chinesecompetition ability and develop peacefully in the world. The national economic security refers to that there is no threaten andinfraction from both exterior and interior to the country’s economicdevelopment and economic profit. Concretely speaking, the financial marketsecurity, the national industry, import & export trade market security, thestrategic materials, energy sources’security, and the economic information netsecurity constitute the national economic security. The economic globalization, which puts on a false show of peace andprosperity in the process, is a two-edged sword to developing countries. Notonly are there “the Four Asian Dragons”and “the Four Asian Tigers ”whichrepresent the Asian economic miracles, but also the ten years’pain struggle inthe economic plight due to huge debt crisis in Latin America and SouthAmerica’s developing countries, suffered in 80s last century. Also in the yearof 1997, the sweeping Southeast Asian financial storm almost fatally destroyedsome countries’economy. One of the tasks confronting us is to analyze thepotential problems of developing countries’economic security and make thecorresponding policies in condition of economic globalization. 43<WP=48>Joining WTO is one of Chinese landmarks of great historic significanceand a strategic measure for China to more deeply merge into the process ofeconomic globalization. Meanwhile it also increases the negative influences,including the high risks of finance and debt, the increase of unemploymentrate, the existing crisis of Chinese national industry under the impact ofexterior economic power, as well as the loss of talented persons. It has both merits and drawbacks for China to protect the nationaleconomic security. The main merits are: China, a country of great economicpower, has a lot of latitude; China will keep the cost of labor force at a lowlevel in a long time, which will provide enough competitive superiority; Chinahas accumulated rich experience in participating in the internationalcompetition in twenty years’reform and opening-up; meanwhile, Chinaprovides political guarantee for the long-term and stable development ofChinese economy with political stabilization and government’s actively andcarefully pushing the course of reform and opening-up policy. The maindrawbacks consist in: large-scaled SOEs, including the four main commercialbanks, the unfinished reform of economic structure and comparatively weakinternational competition ability; China national financial system, where thehigh rate of bad debts and low rate of capital sufficiency exist, needsimprovement; China doesn’t own enough talented persons to avoid economicrisks, especially the financial risks in the opening international capital market.Therefore, it’s quite necessary for China to draw up and make perfect thenational economic security stratagem. The national economic security stratagem is a general plan, ensuring us tosuccessfully achieve developing objects of the national economy, whichformulates the whole national economic security objects and measures to 44<WP=49>realize them, and has the functions of harmonizing the selection of wholeeconomic policy, moving resources such as social capital, and promotingnational economy development and social progress. The ultimate benefit of acountry is to guarantee the national economic security更多还原