【作者】 宋春；

【导师】 张锐昕；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 当今世界正在经受信息技术迅猛发展浪潮的冲击。通信技术、计算机技术、声像技术等现代信息技术的发展及其相互融合，拓宽了信息的传递和应用范围，使得人们在广域范围内随时随地获取和交换信息成为可能。信息已成为经济发展的资源和独特的生产要素，成为社会进步的强劲推动力。而信息化则是一个过程，即通过建立强大的信息基础设施，将使极为丰富的信息产品广泛快速地传递，使建立在公用通信平台上的各类信息应用系统在国民经济各部门各行业广为应用，使全社会劳动者普遍掌握并使用新智能工具，享有语音、数据、图像等各种信息服务，从而支持和带动农业、工业和其它行业的发展，促进社会管理和商品生产向信息经济的转变，同时影响和改变着人们的工作、学习、生活方式。我国是发展中国家，改革开放和现代化建设促使我国各项事业的飞速发展，同时由于我国已经加入WTO，竞争的压力越来越大，每个行业都在注视着外来竞争者的到来。因此，以信息化提升传统产业的竞争力是各行各业的主要对策，把信息化建设作为重点，提高自己的竞争实力。水利是我国国民经济的基础产业，水利现代化和社会信息化建设能否实现，关键在于水利工作要有新的发展思路，要逐步改变传统的思路和模式，广泛应用现代信息技术，充分开发水利信息资源，加强水利管理，有效防治水害，优化水资源配置，提高水资源利用效率，这才是水利可持续发展的必然选择和必由之路。而防汛抗旱指挥系统工程建设的重要地位已经明确，即水利信息化建设的核心工程，它的成功与否直接影响着我省水利信息化建设的进程。通过对防汛抗旱指挥系统工程建设的分析研究，能为以后水利信息化中其它应用系统建设提供大量的基础设施和有价值的信息，从而促进水利信息化工作的顺利进行，为加快水利现代化和社会信息化的步伐提供一点经验。 <WP=48>本文在主体上共分为六部分。第一部分集中分析了建设吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统的背景，主要包括两个方面，一是分析了我省的自然地理概况及洪水灾情是促进建设本系统的主要原因之一，二是从防灾减灾、我省防汛抗旱工作的现状以及存在的问题、水利信息化、推动我省可持续发展的需要等方面，分析了建设吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统的必要性和迫切性。第二部分从系统建设的需求方面，全面地分析了吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统建设的目标、原则、信息需求以及外部环境保证。第三部分，系统地研究了建设吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统理论基础，即管理信息系统、管理学、软件工程开发以及信息论等四方面的理论知识；并分析了系统的总体结构设计及其功能。第四部分，从对决策支持系统的开发和项目建设管理与运行管理两方面，对吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统的开发实施做了具体分析。第五部分，针对建设吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统后所能产生的效益做了全面的分析。它主要包括三方面的效益：一是在经济效益方面，通过示范区建设和运行的实践论证，现代防汛手段的建设大大提高了信息采集的时效性，使专家领导能够做出及时正确的决策，在防灾减灾中发挥了巨大的作用，产生了明显的经济效益；二是在社会效益方面，系统的建设不仅促进了水利信息化的发展，还使防汛抗旱工作从传统工作方式向现代化迈进了一大步，对社会信息化建设和经济的可持续发展也起了一定的保证作用，提高了行业管理水平，造就了一大批适应未来技术发展的干部队伍；三是在生态环境效益方面，系统建立后，监测数据更为可靠，信息发布更为及时，对区域水体和水土流失状况的评价更为全面合理，为全省水环境保护与生态省建设以及国民经济发展和社会、生活提供及时、动态的基础数据和科学依据。第六部分，通过对吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统建设的研究分析，我认为有以下三点经验值得借鉴：第一点，领导重视是关键，即在现代社会条件下，只有加强领导的重视，使领导意识到各种环境因素的变化，能有针对性富有远见地采取积极适<WP=49>应的有力措施，抓好落实，才能形成上下一致、协调发展的局面，才能充分调动各方面的积极性，加快系统建设的步伐；第二点，资金投入是前提，即资金投入必须与建设的任务相匹配，要有正常的资金投入渠道，以保障系统建设的有序发展和系统的正常运转，达到投资规模与分配协调合理的目的；第三点，工作机制和队伍是保障，由于系统工程的技术含量高，建设难度大，因此培养和造就一大批掌握先进信息技术、熟悉水利专业知识的高素质人才队伍是非常必要的。吉林省防汛抗旱指挥系统是水利信息化建设的重点项目，也是一个复杂的系统工程，由于本人学识水平的局限，只能是管中窥豹，力求在理论与实践的结合上做出分析，为全面进行水利信息化提供一些参考。同时，实现以水利信息化来加快现代化建设是一项艰巨的任务和长期的工作，这必然会使我们的理论研究与工作实践存在着更多的未知领域，等待我们去进一步地探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the whole world is developing greatly and speedily. The development and the combination of signal technique, computer science and other techniques widen the range of information application and speed up the message transmission, making it possible for people to obtain and exchange information at any time. Information has been the resource for economy development and special factor of production. Meanwhile, information is the strong power for the progress of society. Informationalization is a process, that is, by setting up the powerful basic facilities, mess of information products can be transmitted rapidly. Thus, any kind of information system can be applied to any national business and department. Informationalization makes it possible for all the labors in our world to master and use the newest intellectual tools, to enjoy the service of data, video and speech sounds which also back and cause the rapid development of agriculture, industry and other business. At the same time, it will promote the transform from social management and commercial production to information economy; it will influence and change people’s life styles deeply. China is a developing country and her open-door policy promotes the quick development in every field and every aspect. However, with the membership of WTO, China faces even more fierce competition. Each trade watches closely the invasion of external competitions. Therefore, all trades and professions focus on the construction of information system to strengthen their own power in fierce and intense competition. Water conservancy is the basic industry of China’s national economy. Whether we can modernize the water conservancy lies in forming new methods in our regular work and change the traditional ways and modes gradually. As long as we make full use of modern information technology, exploit the resource of water conservancy fully and completely, enhance the management of the water conservancy, prevent and control flood effectively, <WP=51>and raise the efficiency of water resource being used. We can ensure a sustained and reasonably high-speed development of the work of water conservancy. Earlier on, we have confirmed the importance of the project of flood prevention and drought relief. Whether this project is able to be successfully carried out decides the procedure of the informationalization of water conservancy of Jilin province. The study and analysis of the flood-prevention and drought-relief projects can supply us a large quantity of basic facilities and valuable information, promoting our work smoothly and successfully. Finally it will give us some useful experience for our work. This article is mainly divided into six chapters. Chapter One In this chapter, I concentrate on analyzing the background of constructing the Jilin Flood-prevention and Drought-relief Systems. I think due to the general situation of environment and geography in Jilin province, we have to build up this Flood-prevention and drought-relief systems. I discuss the necessity and urgency of building up the system in Jilin province as well, because of the problems existing in the work of control flood and decreasing the damage by flood and natural disaster. Chapter TwoI define the aim, principle information requirements and insurance of surroundings for this Flood-Prevention and Drought-Relief system according to the concrete demand of the construction. Chapter ThreeIn this chapter, I carefully and systematically study the managing information system, management science, the exploit of software project and information theory. In the meantime, I analyze the design for general structure and the foundation of this system. Chapter FourI analyze concretely how to carry out the water-prevention and drought-relief construction project in Jilin province from two different quarters, that is, the construction management and functioning management. Chapter Five <WP=52>This chapter covers the profits and benefits of the water-prevention and drought-relief system engin更多还原