【作者】 李霞；

【导师】 齐平茹；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国民经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国入世谈判过程中，有关国家一直将我国是否签署《政府采购协议》作为一个重要关注领域。我国也承诺有意成为GPA参加方。加入世贸组织会加快我国政府采购市场的开放。我国政府采购制度始于上个世纪八十年代，近年来虽然发展很快但与政府采购制度发展较成熟的国家和地区相比，我国政府采购还不成熟，不完善。在立法、管理上明显落后、采购人员素质不高、社会监督力度不够等。时不待我，面对即将到来的挑战，我们应研究成熟的政府采购制度，取其精华为我所用。第一部分介绍政府采购制度的发展历程。已有二百多年历史的政府采购制度源于英国。一战前后，由于政治经济条件影响，政府采购活动增多。二战之后，政府采购开始走出一国范围，出现国际化趋势。伴随而来的是在世界范围内的激烈竞争，为保护本国民族工业发展，各国相继构筑了更多的贸易壁垒，这不利于经济自由化发展。为此，各国进行了艰苦的谈判，终于在1978年达成了《政府采购协议》。我国政府采购始于二十世纪八十年代，近年来发展很快，采购额迅速增加，采购范围不断扩大。《中华人民共和国政府采购法》已于2003年1月1日颁布实施，我国正式进入了政府统一采购制度的初级阶段。第二部分主要研究几个发达国家的政府采购制度。着重介绍美国、英国和新加坡的政府采购制度。美国的政府采购制度对美国的行政管理以及美国经济发展起了重大作用。他有明确的采购目标、严格的采购程序、法<WP=37>定的指导原则贯穿于采购过程。《联邦政府采购规则》作为各级政府采购的基本法保证了采购过程的顺利进行。同时对中小企业的扶植也体现了政府采购的宏观调控性。英国的采购制度在法律法规上有些特殊规定很有借鉴意义。作为城市国家的新加坡，其采购形式灵活、过程严谨。为我们具体省、市的政府采购提供了示范。第三部分通过以上研究，归纳出成熟政府采购制度的可取之处。这些成熟的政府采购制度都具有完善的操作程序：他们都以财政资金节约为自己的目标，也会考虑到社会目标的实现；有法律规定的采购原则；而采购程序主要采用招标的方法，更有利于公开、公平的竞争；一个高素质的采购队伍使得采购可以高质、高效完成；完善的救济程序以及对中小企业的扶植政策使得政府采购的宏观调控性得到体现。完善的法律体系为政府采购的顺利进行提供了保障。 第四部分重点陈述成熟的政府采购制度对我们的启示。吸取国际先进经验，结合我国具体国情，本文提出应采取倾斜性策略并辅之其他相关方面的配套改革来完善我国的政府采购制度。可以采用国际通行做法，采取有利于我国经济发展的策略。进一步完善政府采购法制建设，完善采购的保障措施，加强社会监督机制，同时要加强政府采购人员素质的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the negotiation of our country entering the WTO, the countries concerned have paid close attention to the field whether our country would sign" Government Purchase Agreement". We have promised to intend to participate in GPA. The accession to the WTO will accelerate the opening of our government purchase market .The system of government purchase in our country began in the 1980s, it developing quickly in recent years，but it is still immature compared with some country-and-regions’ developed system . Legislation and management obviously lag behind, the quality of purchasing persons is not high, the social supervision is not enough, and etc. Time won’t stop, in face of the coming challenge, we should study the mature systems of government purchase and fetch their quintessence for our use.The first part of this article has introduced the development course of the system of government purchase. The system of government purchase, which has more than 200 years old history, came from Britain. Around World War Ⅰ, influenced by economy and politics , the government purchase activity increased. After World War II, government purchase began to extend beyond one country’s boundary, and the internationalized trend appeared. Accompanying this comes the fierce competition across the world. For protecting the development of native industries, the countries one by one build more trade barriers, which are harmful to the economic development, therefore, they reached" Government Purchase Agreement" eventually in 1978 through long-term hard negotiation. The government purchase of our country began in the eighties of the 20th century, developing rapidly in recent years, with the volume of purchase increasing quickly, the range expanding . " The law of government purchase of PRC" issued and implemented on January 1, 2003, Our country has entered the primary stage of the general government purchase formally .In the second part I research the systems of government purchase of several developed countries. It introduces the systems of government purchase of U.S.A., Britain and Singapore emphatically. The system of government purchase of U.S.A. has played a great role in the administration of U.S.A. and American economic development. It has a clear purchase goal, a strict purchase procedure, and legal guideline to run through in the course of purchase, which has guaranteed the harmony of the course . "Federal Government Purchase Rule" is the Basic Law of government purchase at all levels. To foster the small and medium-sized enterprises, it also embodies its <WP=39>macro adjustments. Some special regulations of the laws and regulations on the system of purchase of Britain are also useful for us. As Singapore is a city country, the course of its purchase is strict and flexible. It’s useful for our government purchase of individual province or city.In the above research, the third part sums up the desirable aspects of the mature systems of government purchase. These mature systems of government purchase all have perfect operation sequences. They all take the saving of the financial fund as their goal; at the same time they also consider the realization of the social goal. They have the principles and procedure of the legal provisions, and adopt the method to call for bid mainly that is more favorable to open and fair competition. A purchase team with high quality can make the purchase finished with high quality and efficiency. Perfect relief procedure and the fostering policy for the small and medium-sized enterprises embody its macro adjustments. The perfect legal system has safeguarded for the harmony of governmentpurchase.The fourth part states the enlightenment of government purchase to us especially. Drawing international advanced experience, combining with the concrete conditions of our country, this article proposes we should take slope policy, with other relevant ones ,to perfect our system of government purchase. We can take the international current method, and adopt the tactics which are favorable to the economic dev更多还原