【作者】 庄严；

【导师】 李玉潭；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 美国是世界上物流业最发达的国家之一。深入研究并借鉴美国物流的发展经验，对于较美国等发达国家起步晚、发展落后的中国物流业，如何在最短的时间内，采取有效措施跟上国际物流业的发展并提高整体竞争能力是十分必要的。 正文共分六部分。 第一部分是物流概述。世界各国和地区对物流概念所作的定义是不同的，其中美国、欧盟和日本的物流定义具有一定的代表性。从国际范围来看，物流的形成与发展是与物流价值逐渐发现与开发紧密相联的，大体经历了8个阶段：即物流系统功能价值的发现、物流经济活动价值的发现、物流利润价值的发现、物流成本价值的发现、物流环境价值的发现、物流对企业发展战略价值的发现、物流产业价值的发现和物流对国民经济价值的发现。当今世界关于物流的主要理论学说林林总总，归纳起来主要有：战略学说、第三利润源学说、服务中心学说、物流冰山学说、黑大陆学说、效益背反学说和成本中心学说。 第二部分是美国物流的发展过程。美国物流的发展大体经历了四个主要阶段：20世纪初是物流的启蒙期，第二次世界大战加深了人们对物流价值的认识；二战后，美国企业开始设立物流部门，现代物流处于渐进的发展期；60年代以后，是物流理论与实践迅速发展的时期；80年代以来，是物流理论成熟期，物流实现了现代化。随着经济全球化步伐的加快， 21世纪美国物流呈现出新的特点：一是物流管理体制的改革正在酝酿中；二是电子物流迅速兴起；三是物流企业向集约化与协同化发展；四是物流服务向优质化和全球化发展；五是第三方物流快速发展；六是现代科技积极应用于物流业；七是绿色物流渐成时尚。 第三部分是美国物流的管理体制。美国现代物流得以快速健康发展，其中一个重要原因就是美国作为典型的完全市场经济类型的国家，其物流<WP=46>管理体制比较科学、合理，从而起到了有力地体制保障作用。美国物流管理体制有如下主要特征：一是国家未设集中统一管理物流的专职政府部门；二是联邦法院从法的角度管理物流；三是各种物流行会组织间接促进物流管理；四是物流企业依据市场需求自主决定物流发展战略。 第四部分是美国物流的政策法规。美国作为一个法治国家，健全完善的政策和法律，对美国物流业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。美国物流的政策法规有如下主要特征：一是政府通过宏观政策的引导，确立以现代物流发展带动社会经济发展的战略目标和规划；二是政府尚未制定针对物流的专门法规，物流各环节仍适用各自原有的法规；三是政府通过改革，减少国家对运输业的控制；四是加强交通基础设施建设，鼓励发展不同运输方式集约的多式联运；五是发展第三方物流，鼓励共同配送；六是组建物流园区，提高物流经营的规模效益。 第五部分是美国物流的主要作用。物流是现代美国经济增长的新的利润源，对国民经济增长发挥支持和带动作用，地位日益突出，已成为美国经济的主要组成部分。同时，现代物流促进了美国第三产业的发展，创造了更多的就业岗位，也成为美国社会消费生活高度化的重要支柱。 第六部分是启示。同美国等发达国家相比，中国目前物流的整体规模和水平还处于较低的发展阶段，还存在一些突出问题。借鉴美国的经验，对现行物流管理体制、政策法规进行适当调整和完善是必要的。中国物流发展应坚持的原则：一是适应全球经济一体化；二是充分体现现代化物流的特点；三是效率、社会与环境目标相互兼顾，有利于可持续发展；四是符合国情与区情。主要对策：一是积极构建中国物流政策体系的基本框架与政策重点；二是完善政府物流管理体制和运行机制；三是着重培育现代物流市场；四是加快物流信息化和标准化建设步伐；五是充分发挥行业社团组织的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 U.S.A. is one of the most developed countries of logistics industry in the world. Further study of its experience of development and using this for reference are essential for China’s logistics industry which gets off to a late start and lags behind compared with the developed countries like America. It is also fundamental for China to take effective measures to catch up with the development of international logistics industry and enhance the overall competition within the shortest time.This thesis consists of six parts.The first part gives a brief account of logistics. Definitions about logistics are different in all the countries and regions, among them the ones in U.S.A., European Union and Japan are representative. Internationally, the forming and development of the logistics are closely link to that of its value, which has gone through eight stages on the whole, namely the discovery of the function value of logistics system, the discovery of the economic activity value of the logistics, the discovery of the profit value of the logistics, the discovery of the cost value of the logistics, the discovery of the environmental value of the logistics, the discovery of the value that logistics industry has on the enterprises’ development strategy, the discovery of logistics industry value and the discovery of the value that logistics has on the national economy. There are numerous theories about logistics in the world now. To sum up, they are: strategic theory, theory of the third profit source, theory of service center, logistics iceberg theory, black continent theory, reversed benefit theory and cost center theory.The second part deals with the evolution of American logistics. The development of American logistics has four main stages on the whole . It initiates at the beginning of the 20th century, and was fully understood during the World War II, after which, American enterprises started to establish logistics department, and modern logistics <WP=48>was in the period of progressive development. From 1960s to 1980s, it was the period that logistics theory and practice were developed rapidly. Since 1980s, it is the mature period of logistics theory, realizing the modernization of logistics. With the quickening paces of economic globalization, American logistics demonstrates the new characteristics in the 21st century. First, the reform of the management system of logistics is in the preliminary period. Second, the electronic logistics rises rapidly. Third, logistics enterprises are beginning to be intensified and coordinated. Fourth, the logistics serves with high-quality and globalization. Fifth, the third party’s logistics is developed fast. Sixth, the modern science and technology are actively applied to the logistics industry. Seventh, the green logistics gradually comes into fashion.The third part is concerned with the management system of American logistics. One of the important reasons for American logistics’ rapid and healthy development is the science and rational logistics management system in U.S.A. which is characterized by market economy, and the system effectively ensures the development. There are following main characteristics in American logistics management system: The first one is the country has not set up the centralized full-time government department that manages the logistics in unison; The second one is the federal court manages the logistics in terms of law; The third one is various kinds of guilds and organizations promote the logistics management indirectly; The fourth one is logistics enterprises determine the development strategy of logistics independently according to the market demand.The fourth part is about the policies and regulations of American logistics. As a country governed by law, American sound policy and law play a positive role in the development of the logistics industry. The policies and regulations of the American logistics have the following main characteristics: First, the government establishes the strategic objective and plans of using logistics servi更多还原