【作者】 许玲；

【导师】 陶芳标；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 少儿卫生与妇幼保健学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 分析超重、肥胖中专女生的最大氧耗量和负荷运动后血压、脉搏等变化，评价超重、肥胖对女性青少年心血管功能的影响；分析超重、肥胖对中专女生抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识的影响，为学校指导肥胖女性青少年控制体重，保护心肺功能，开展心理健康教育提供依据。 方法 在某中专学校对1302名15～20岁女生进行身高、体重测量，用身高标准体重法判定35例肥胖、62例超重女生，同时选取100名正常体重女生为对照。测清晨静卧时脉搏与血压；用30秒20次蹲起试验进行定量负荷运动试验，测量负荷运动前后的脉搏与血压；并用台阶运动试验测5min即刻脉搏，得出最大氧耗量、最大氧耗量相对值。采用方差分析法比较三组中专女生最大氧耗量绝对值和相对值以及负荷运动前后脉搏、血压变化差异的统计学显著意义。用流调用抑郁自评量表、Zung焦虑评定量表和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识评定量表，分别评定三组研究对象的抑郁、焦虑等情绪症状和自我意识。 结果 超重、肥胖中专女生的最大氧耗量相对值显著低于对照组，清晨静卧位及负荷运动前后的脉搏、血压水平亦高于对照组。运动后的脉搏上升百分比均大于对照组，差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05)。肥胖组抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为37.1％、22.9％，超重组为14.5％、6.5％，对照组为22.0％、7.0％，三组检出率比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05)；肥胖组自我意识总分和3个分量表分显著地低于超重组和对照组，三组差异有显著性意义。超重组自我意识评分与对照组间的差异无统计学显著意义。 结论 超重、肥胖对女性青少年心血管功能有显著影响。中专肥胖女生的抑郁、焦虑状况较为严重，肥胖可能降低中专女生的自我意识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze changes of the maximum oxygen uptake, pulse and blood pressure after loading locomotion in overweight and obese girls of technical secondary school, and evaluate the influence of overweight and obesity on cardiovascular functions in female adolescents, and to analyze the effect of overweight and obesity on self- concept and some emotional symptoms such as depression and anxiety among these girls, in order to provide some evidence for the school-based directions of weight control, cardiopulmonary function protection and to provide the basis for the mental health education of overweigh and obese female adolescents in schools.Method Height and weight was measured in 1302 female students aged 15-20y. 35 and 62 students are classified as obesity and overweight respectively according to weight-for-height method, 100 normal weight students are enrolled as control. Pulse and blood pressure were measured in decubitus early morning, before and after the loading locomotion by squating down and rising up 20 times in 30 seconds. We measured the pulse in instant 5 minutes by step test, found the estimation of the maximum oxygen uptake on Astrand linear chart according to the examinee’s pulse and weight and calculated the relative value of the maximum oxygen uptake. In the same time, we compared their absolute and relative values of the maximum oxygen uptake and changes of pulse and blood pressure surrounding the test by ANOVA to see whether there was some difference or not. We utilized Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Zung self-rating Anxiety Scale and Piers-Harris Children’ s self-concept scale to rate emotional symptoms and self-concept of students in the three groups.Result Maximum oxygen uptake for weight in obese female students was significant higher than that of overweight students and the control. Pulse and blood pressure in decubitus early morning or before and after the loading locomotion in obese females were higher than that of overweight and normal -weight female students. The percentage of pulse increase in obese and over-weight girls were higher than the control. The rates ofdepression and anxiety symptoms were 37.1% and 22.9% in obese group, 14.5% and 6.5% in overweigh group, 22.0% and 7.0% in control group respectively. The prevalence of depression symptoms in obese group was higher than that in overweigh group significantly (p<0.05). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in obese group was higher than that in other groups significantly (p<0.05). The total score on self-concept and scores in three sub-scales including anxiety, gregariousness, well-being and satisfaction were different among the three groups significantly, which in obese group were significantly lower than those in other groups. But there was no significant difference in the total score on self-concept between overweigh group and the control group.Conclusion Overweight and obesity have significant influence on cardiovascular functions to female adolescents. The depression and anxiety symptom of obese girls in technical secondary school is serious. Obesity may decrease their self-concept.更多还原