【作者】 原沁波；

【导师】 赵鸣；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 煤矸石是煤层中或煤层周围伴有可燃物质的岩石，是采煤和选煤过程中所排出的工业废料，主要矿物由高岭土和有机矿物组分构成，煤矸石的大量排放不仅占用大量土地，而且还会对土壤、植被、水体和大气造成严重的污染，危害人体健康。本论文用煤矸石作原料，通过超细粉碎，表面改性制成了一种高分子聚合物的补强填充剂。用它部分取代炭黑做橡胶补强填充剂，既可以利用废物，又能降低橡胶制品的价格，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。 实验中的煤矸石采自山西某矿，主要化学组成为SiO₂：31.98％，Al₂O₃：19.95％，Fe₂O₃：0.74％，烧失量：45.7 5％ DBP吸油值0.45～0.50ml／g，DTA分析表明，煤矸石矿物组成为高岭土和部分有机组分。 用超细气流粉碎机对煤矸石超细粉碎以后获得三个产品，用激光粒度分析仪对其粒度分析结果表明，煤矸石的大部分颗粒都在1 μm以下，粉碎前后的红外光谱表明煤矸石经超细粉碎以后，表面的有机官能团活性变强。 本课题用硅烷偶联剂KH-550、钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-130、NDZ-201对粉碎后的煤矸石进行了表面改性，并用活化指数法和红外光谱对表面改性的煤矸石进行太原理}_大学顿一卜泪{究‘}几学位论文预评价，结果表明在改性后煤研石的表面覆盖了一层有机分子，山亲水农面变为疏水表面，井对改性的机理作一了进一步的讨论。 将经过超细粉碎和表而改性的煤研石填充到人然橡胶中，对混炼胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度等力学性能的测试结果表明，煤研石的粒度，表面性质、表而改性剂的利，类等对混炼胶性能有很大的影响，祠’‘粉粒度越细，与橡胶基体的作用越好，混炼胶的性能越好。超细煤研石表面的有机基团和大量缺陷，使它不同于一般的无机填料，而使用不同的偶联剂对混炼胶的性能的改变也不1!一刁，所以选用合适的偶联剂对于提高改性效果足关键的_一‘步。 煤研石的填充量的大小对橡胶的力学性能有很大的影响，在天然橡胶用量为300克时，粗煤研石工liJ量为759左右，超细煤研石用量为759一1059，改性煤研石在1059左右时补强性能址仕。 另外，本论文还对锻烧煤研石和非锻烧煤不i1=石进行了对比，结果表明锻烧煤研石和非锻烧煤研石的改性机理，与橡胶基体的作用机理都有很人的不同。非锻烧煤研石主要是利用表面的烃基，而锻烧煤歼石则主要是利用农而的51一。键和八卜。键。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal gangue is a rock exist inside coal-layer and the circumference of coal-layer, is an industrial solid waste produced during the processing of coal mining and mineral processing, the mineral components of which is kaoline and organic component part. The coal gangue not only take up the land of large quantity, but pollute the soil, plants, water and air resulted in endanger the health of human body. Using coal gangue as raw material, we made a kind of new type polymer reinforcing filler for rubber by ultra-fine grinding and surface treatment. Coal gangue partial replacement of carbon black, which not only make use of waste material but also reduce the price of rubber product, and which have economic and social benefits.The coal gangue come from main coal-layer in QinShui coalfield of china, The main composition and the property parameters of coal gangue are SiO2,34.16% ; Ai2O3,29.48%; Fe2O3,0.78%; ignition lose,35.02%; oil factor DBF, 0.45 -0.50ml/g; DTA indicate that the mineral ingredients of coal gangue are kaolin and organic component.We can take three gangue products after grinding by Ultrasonic jet mill, the results of particle size indicate the most of particle is below 1 u m ,the result of infared analysis demonstrated ,after grinding, the activity of surface groups of coal gangue become stronger.The coal gangue were modified with titanate alkoxide coupling agent NDZ-13(K NDZ-201 and silane coupling agent KH-550 in this paper. The modification effects were assessed with activation index and infrared absorption spectroscopy, the result showed the surface of coal gangue is covered with a layer organic molecular, the surface has changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic .The coal gangue was filled into rubber after ultra-fine grinding and modification. The measurement of properties of vulcanized rubber showed the properties correlated to the particle size, structure and surface properties of rubber filler. As particle size becomes smaller, and the surface area increases, providing more available contact between the rubber matrix and the filler particle and the properties of vulcanized rubber are better. The lots of organic groups and defects of coal gangue surface lead to difference between coal gangue and comment inorganic fillers and different coupling agent have different influence on the properties of rubber, the choose of coupling agent is the key of surface treatment.The quantity of coal gangue has more effect on the properties of rubber. When the quantity of rubber is 300g,the quantity of the coarse coal gangue is 75g,the ultra-fine coal gangue is 75-105g ,the modified coal gangue is 105g ,the properties of vulcanized rubber is the best.In addition, the paper discussed the difference between the calcinated coal gangue and coal gangue, which indicated the modified mechanism and the action mechanism with rubber between the calcinated coal gangue and coal gangue is different, the coal gangue depend on-OH, and the calcinated coal gangue depend on Si-O and Al-O.更多还原